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Figuren

撰写中有多个部分在某种意义上处理环境变量。这个页面应该可以帮助你找到你需要的信息。

在组合文件中替换环境变量

可以在 shell 中使用环境变量填充复合文件中的值:

web:
  image: "webapp:${TAG}"

有关更多信息,请参见变量替换节中的“撰写文件引用”。

在容器中设置环境变量

可以在服务的容器中设置环境变量。“环境”键,就像docker run -e VARIABLE=VALUE ...*

web:
  environment:    - DEBUG=1

将环境变量传递到容器

可以将环境变量直接从shell传递到服务的容器,“环境”键不给他们一个价值,就像docker run -e VARIABLE ...*

web:
  environment:    - DEBUG

DEBUG容器中的变量的值将从运行复合的 shell 中相同变量的值中提取。

env_file“ 配置选项

可以将多个环境变量从外部文件传递到服务的容器,env_file

选项,就像docker run --env-file=FILE ...*

web:
  env_file:    - web-variables.env

以 “docker-compose run”设置环境变量

就像docker run -e,则可以在一次性容器上设置环境变量docker-compose run -e*。

docker-compose run -e DEBUG=1 web python console.py

还可以通过不给变量值从 shell 传递变量:

docker-compose run -e DEBUG web python console.py

DEBUG容器中的变量的值将从运行复合的 shell 中的相同变量的值中提取。

“.env”文件

控件中引用的任何环境变量或用于配置撰写的任何环境变量的默认值。环境文件命名.env*

$ cat .env
TAG=v1.5$ cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'services:
  web:
    image: "webapp:${TAG}"

当你运行的时候docker-compose upweb上面定义的服务使用图像webapp:v1.5.您可以使用配置命令,它将已解析的应用程序配置打印到终端:

$ docker-compose config
version: '3'services:
  web:
    image: 'webapp:v1.5'

shell 中的值优先于.env文件中指定的值。如果你TAG在你的 shell 中设置了一个不同的值,那么这个替换就会image使用它:

$ export TAG=v2.0$ docker-compose config
version: '3'services:
  web:
    image: 'webapp:v2.0'

当使用 shell 中 environment变量和env_file配置文件提供值时,环境变量的值将首先从环境密钥获取,然后从环境文件获取,然后从 ** -entry ** 获取:Dockerfile ENV

$ cat ./Docker/api/api.env
NODE_ENV=test

$ cat docker-compose.yml
version: '3'services:
  api:
    image: 'node:6-alpine'
    env_file:     - ./Docker/api/api.env
    environment:     - NODE_ENV=production

你可以用它来测试例如 NodeJSCLI 中的容器:

$ docker-compose exec api node> process.env.NODE_ENV'production'

有任何ARGENV设置在Dockerfile只有在否码头工人作曲进入environmentenv_file

NodeJS 容器专用材料:如果你有package.json进入script:start就像NODE_ENV=test node server.js,这将推翻你的docker-compose.yml档案中任何文件。

使用环境变量配置组合

有几个环境变量可供您配置 Docker Compose 命令行行为。它们以 CLI 环境变量开头COMPOSE_DOCKER_记录在 CLI 环境变量中。

由链接创建的环境变量

在 v1 撰写文件中使用 'links' 选项时,将为每个链接创建环境变量。它们记录在 Link 环境变量参考中。但请注意,这些变量已被弃用 - 您应该将链接别名用作主机名。

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