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Figuren
注意：只有在使用 Compose 文件格式的版本2或更高版本时，本文才适用。网络功能不支持版本1（传统）撰写文件。
默认情况下，组合设置一个网络你的应用程序。服务的每个容器都加入了默认网络，并且两者都是。可达网络上的其他容器，以及可发现由它们在主机名上与容器名称相同。
注：您的应用程序的网络是根据“项目名称”命名的，该名称基于它所在的目录的名称。可以使用
--project-name标志或者COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME环境变量。
例如，假设应用程序位于一个名为myapp，而你的docker-compose.yml看起来是这样的：
version: "3"services: web: build: . ports: - "8000:8000" db: image: postgres ports: - "8001:5432"
当运行docker-compose up的时候，发生如下情况：
myapp_default被创造了。
容器是使用
web的配置。它加入了网络myapp_default以这个名字web。
容器是使用
db的配置。它加入了网络myapp_default以这个名字db。
每个容器现在都可以查找主机名。web或db并获取适当容器的
IP 地址。例如，web的应用程序代码可以连接到
URL postgres://db:5432然后开始使用 Postgres 数据库。
注意区分HOST_PORT和区分是重要的CONTAINER_PORT。在上面的例子中，db中，HOST_PORT是8001和容器端口是5432（postgres的默认值）。网络服务对服务通信使用CONTAINER_PORT。何时HOST_PORT被定义，该服务也可以在群外访问。
在web容器，连接字符串到db看起来就像postgres://db:5432，从主机上看，连接字符串看起来像postgres://{DOCKER_IP}:8001...
更新容器
如果对服务进行配置更改并运行docker-compose up要更新它，旧容器将被删除，新容器将以不同的 IP 地址加入网络，但名称相同。正在运行的容器将能够查找该名称并连接到新地址，但旧地址将停止工作。
如果任何容器与旧容器有连接，则它们将被关闭。容器的责任是检测此状态，再次查找名称并重新连接。
链接
链接允许您定义额外的别名，通过它可以从另一个服务访问服务。他们不需要启用服务进行通信 - 默认情况下，任何服务都可以以该服务的名称到达任何其他服务。在以下示例中，db可以从web主机名db和以下位置访问database：
version: "3"services: web: build: . links: - "db:database" db: image: postgres
见链接参考想了解更多信息。
多主机联网
注意：本节中的指示信息涉及传统的 Docker Swarm 操作，并且仅在针对传统 Swarm 集群时才起作用。有关将撰写项目部署到较新的集成群模式的说明，请参阅 Docker Stacks 文档。
何时将组合应用程序部署到群集集群，您可以使用内置的overlay驱动程序，以启用容器之间的多主机通信，而不更改组合文件或应用程序代码。
请参阅多主机网络入门以了解如何设置 Swarm 群集。群集将overlay默认使用该驱动程序，但如果您愿意，您可以明确指定它 - 请参阅下文了解如何执行此操作。
指定自定义网络
您可以使用顶级networks密钥指定您自己的网络，而不只是使用默认的应用程序网络。这使您可以创建更复杂的拓扑并指定自定义网络驱动程序和选项。您还可以使用它将服务连接到不受
Compose 管理的外部创建的网络。
每项服务都可以使用服务级别 networks密钥来指定要连接的网络，服务级别密钥是顶级 networks密钥下引用条目的名称列表。
以下是定义两个自定义网络的示例撰写文件。proxy服务与服务是隔离的db，因为它们不共享共享的网络 - app只能与两者通话。
version: "3"services: proxy: build: ./proxy networks: - frontend app: build: ./app networks: - frontend - backend db: image: postgres networks: - backend networks: frontend: # Use a custom driver driver: custom-driver-1 backend: # Use a custom driver which takes special options driver: custom-driver-2 driver_opts: foo: "1" bar: "2"
可以通过为每个连接的网络设置 ipv4_address 和/或 ipv6_address 来为网络配置静态 IP 地址。
有关可用网络配置选项的详细信息，请参阅下列参考资料：
顶层
networks键
服务级
networks键
配置默认网络
除了指定您自己的网络外，您还可以通过在networks名称下定义条目来更改应用程序范围的默认网络的设置default：
version: "3"services: web: build: . ports: - "8000:8000" db: image: postgres networks: default: # Use a custom driver driver: custom-driver-1
使用预先存在的网络
如果希望容器加入现有网络，请使用external期权*
networks: default: external: name: my-pre-existing-network
而不是试图创建一个名为[projectname]_default，将寻找一个名为my-pre-existing-network并将应用程序的容器连接到它。