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Figuren
这个快速启动指南将向您展示如何使用 DockerCompose 来设置和运行 Rails/PostgreSQL 应用程序。在开始之前，你需要组合安装...
定义项目
首先设置构建应用程序所需的四个文件。首先，由于您的应用程序将在包含所有依赖关系的 Docker 容器中运行，因此您需要准确定义容器中需要包含的内容。这是通过使用名为的文件完成的Dockerfile。首先，Dockerfile 由以下部分组成：
FROM ruby:2.3.3RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libpq-dev nodejs RUN mkdir /myapp WORKDIR /myapp ADD Gemfile /myapp/Gemfile ADD Gemfile.lock /myapp/Gemfile.lock RUN bundle install ADD . /myapp
这会将您的应用程序代码放入一个图像中，该图像将与 Ruby，Bundler 以及其内的所有依赖关系构建一个容器。有关如何编写 Dockerfiles 的更多信息，请参阅 Docker 用户指南和 Dockerfile 参考。
接下来，创建一个Gemfile只加载 Rails 的引导程序。它会在一瞬间被覆盖rails new。
source 'https://rubygems.org'gem 'rails', '5.0.0.1'
你需要一个空的Gemfile.lock为了建造我们的Dockerfile。
touch Gemfile.lock
最后，docker-compose.yml是魔术发生的地方。该文件描述了组成应用程序（数据库和 Web 应用程序）的服务，如何获取每个人的 Docker 镜像（数据库仅在预制 PostgreSQL 镜像上运行，Web 应用程序是从当前目录构建的），以及将它们链接在一起并公开 Web 应用程序的端口所需的配置。
version: '3'services: db: image: postgres web: build: . command: bundle exec rails s -p 3000 -b '0.0.0.0' volumes: - .:/myapp ports: - "3000:3000" depends_on: - db
针尖：：您可以使用
.yml或.yaml此文件的扩展名。
构建项目
有了这四个文件之后，现在可以使用以下方法生成 Rails 框架应用程序 docker-compose 运行。
docker-compose run web rails new . --force --database=postgresql
首先，撰写将为web使用Dockerfile.然后它会运行rails new在一个新的容器中，使用该图像。一旦完成，你就应该生成一个新的应用程序。
列出文件。
$ ls -l total 64-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 222 Jun 7 12:05 Dockerfile-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 1738 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 4297 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile.lock-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 374 Jun 7 12:09 README.md-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 227 Jun 7 12:09 Rakefile drwxr-xr-x 10 vmb staff 340 Jun 7 12:09 app drwxr-xr-x 8 vmb staff 272 Jun 7 12:09 bin drwxr-xr-x 14 vmb staff 476 Jun 7 12:09 config-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 130 Jun 7 12:09 config.ru drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 db-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 211 Jun 7 12:06 docker-compose.yml drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 lib drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 log drwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 publicdrwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 test drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 tmp drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 vendor
如果您在 Linux 上运行 Docker，则文件rails new所创建的是根用户拥有的。这是因为容器以根用户的身份运行。如果是这样，请更改新文件的所有权。
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER .
如果您在 Mac 或 Windows 上运行 Docker，您应该已经拥有所有文件的所有权，包括rails new。
现在你已经有了一个新的 Gemfile，你需要再次构建图像。（这和Gemfile对 Dockerfile 的更改应该是唯一需要重建的时间。）
docker-compose build
连接数据库
应用程序现在可以启动，但你还没有完全到位。默认情况下，Rails期望数据库在其上运行。localhost-所以你需要把它指向db而是集装箱。您还需要更改数据库和用户名，使其与postgres图像。
替换config/database.yml的内容有以下几点：
default: &default adapter: postgresql encoding: unicode host: db username: postgres password: pool: 5development: <<: *default database: myapp_development test: <<: *default database: myapp_test
您现在可以使用 docker 启动应用程序 - 撰写：
docker-compose up
如果一切顺利，您应该会看到一些 PostgreSQL 输出，然后几秒钟后是8212；您应该看到熟悉的重音：
Starting rails_db_1 ...Starting rails_db_1 ... done Recreating rails_web_1 ...Recreating rails_web_1 ... done Attaching to rails_db_1, rails_web_1 db_1 | LOG: database system was shut down at 2017-06-07 19:12:02 UTC db_1 | LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled db_1 | LOG: database system is ready to accept connections db_1 | LOG: autovacuum launcher started web_1 | => Booting Puma web_1 | => Rails 5.0.0.1 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000web_1 | => Run `rails server -h` for more startup options web_1 | Puma starting in single mode...web_1 | * Version 3.9.1 (ruby 2.3.3-p222), codename: Private Caller web_1 | * Min threads: 5, max threads: 5web_1 | * Environment: development web_1 | * Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:3000web_1 | Use Ctrl-C to stop
最后，您需要创建数据库。在另一个终端，运行：
docker-compose run web rake db:create
下面是该命令的输出示例：
vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose run web rake db:create Starting rails_db_1 ... done Created database 'myapp_development'Created database 'myapp_test'
查看 Rails 欢迎页面！
就这样，您的应用程序现在应该运行在您的 Docker 守护进程的端口3000上。
在 Docker for Mac 和 Docker for Windows 上，转到http://localhost:3000Web 浏览器以查看 Rails 欢迎。
如果您使用 Docker Machine，则docker-machine ip MACHINE_VM返回可添加端口（<Docker-Host-IP>:3000）的
Docker 主机 IP 地址。
二次
停止应用程序
若要停止应用程序，请运行码头工人在您的项目目录中。您可以使用启动数据库的同一终端窗口，也可以使用访问命令提示符的另一个终端窗口。这是停止应用程序的一种干净的方法。
vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose down Stopping rails_web_1 ... done Stopping rails_db_1 ... done Removing rails_web_run_1 ... done Removing rails_web_1 ... done Removing rails_db_1 ... done Removing network rails_default
您还可以用Ctrl-C在执行docker-compose up如果您以这种方式停止应用程序，并试图重新启动它，您可能会收到以下错误：
web_1 | A server is already running. Check /myapp/tmp/pids/server.pid.
若要解决此问题，请删除该文件。tmp/pids/server.pid，然后用docker-compose up。
重新启动应用程序
要重新启动应用程序：
运行
docker-compose up在项目目录中。
在另一个终端中运行此命令以重新启动数据库：
docker-compose run web rake db:create
重建应用程序
如果对 Gemfile 或 Composed 文件进行更改以尝试一些不同的配置，则需要重新构建。有些更改只需要docker-compose up --build，但是完全重建需要重新运行docker-compose run web bundle install同步Gemfile.lock给主机，然后是docker-compose up --build。
下面是第一个例子，在这种情况下，完全重建是不必要的。假设您只想将本地主机上的公开端口更改为3000在我们的第一个例子中3001更改撰写文件以公开端口。3000在新港口的集装箱上，3001，并保存更改：
ports: - "3001:3000"
现在，用docker-compose up --build，然后重新启动数据库：docker-compose run web rake db:create...
在容器内部，您的应用程序像以前一样运行在相同的端口上3000，但现在http://localhost:3001您的本地主机上仍可使用 Rails Welcome 。
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