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Figuren
本节中的信息解释如何自定义 Docker 默认桥。这是一个bridge网络名bridge安装 Docker 时自动创建。
注意：通过 Docker 网络功能，您可以创建除默认网桥以外的用户定义网络。
默认情况下，Docker 服务器创建并配置主机系统的docker0一个称为的网络接口docker0，它是一个以太网桥设备。如果您在启动容器时未指定其他网络，则容器将连接到网桥，并且来自和去往容器的所有流量都会通过网桥流向 Docker 守护程序，
Docker 守护程序将代表容器处理路由。
Docker docker0使用 IP 地址，网络掩码和 IP 分配范围进行配置。连接到默认网桥的容器在此范围内分配 IP 地址。某些默认设置适用于默认网桥，除非您另行指定。例如，默认的最大传输单元（MTU）或容器允许的最大数据包长度默认为1500字节。
您可以使用该dockerd命令的标志来配置默认桥接网络的设置。但是，配置 Docker 守护进程的推荐方式是使用daemon.json位于/etc/docker/Linux上的文件。如果该文件不存在，请创建它。您可以指定一个或多个以下设置来配置默认桥接网络：
{ "bip": "192.168.1.5/24", "fixed-cidr": "10.20.0.0/16", "fixed-cidr-v6": "2001:db8::/64", "mtu": 1500, "default-gateway": "10.20.1.1", "default-gateway-v6": "2001:db8:abcd::89", "dns": ["10.20.1.2","10.20.1.3"]}在对daemon.json文件进行更改后重新启动 Docker 。
相同的选项作为标志显示dockerd，并分别给出解释：
--bip=CIDR：docker0使用标准 CIDR 表示法为桥提供特定的IP地址和网络掩码。例如：192.168.1.5/24。
--fixed-cidr=CIDR并且--fixed-cidr-v6=CIDRv6：docker0使用标准的 CIDR 表示法来限制子网的IP范围。例如：172.16.1.0/28。此范围必须是固定IP的IPv4范围10.20.0.0/16，并且必须是网桥 IP 范围的子集（docker0或使用set--bridge）。例如，--fixed-cidr=192.168.1.0/25对于您的容器，将从192.168.1.0/24子网中包含的前半部分地址中选择 IP。
--mtu=BYTES：覆盖最大数据包长度docker0。
--default-gateway=Container default Gateway IPV4 address和--default-gateway-v6=Container default gateway IPV6 address：指定连接到docker0网桥的容器的默认网关，默认网关控制它们在哪里路由流量。适用于使用--bip和--fixed-cidr标志设置的地址。例如，你可以配置--fixed-cidr=172.17.2.0/24和default-gateway=172.17.1.1。
--dns=[]：要使用的 DNS 服务器。例如：--dns=172.17.2.10。
一旦启动并运行了一个或多个容器，您可以docker0通过brctl在主机上运行命令并查看interfaces输出的列来确认Docker 已将其正确连接到网桥。此示例显示了docker0连接了两个容器的桥：
$ sudo brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces docker0 8000.3a1d7362b4ee no veth65f9 vethdda6
如果该brctl命令未安装在您的 Docker 主机上，那么在
Ubuntu 上您应该可以运行sudo apt-get install bridge-utils以安装它。
最后，docker0每次创建新容器时都会使用以太网网桥设置。每次你docker run新建一个容器时，Docker 会从桥上可用的范围中选择一个空闲的 IP 地址，并eth0用该 IP 地址和网桥的网络掩码来配置容器的接口。桥上的 Docker 主机自己的IP地址被用作每个容器到达 Internet 其余部分的默认网关。
# The network, as seen from a container $ docker run --rm -it alpine /bin/ash root@f38c87f2a42d:/# ip addr show eth024: eth0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 32:6f:e0:35:57:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::306f:e0ff:fe35:5791/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever root@f38c87f2a42d:/# ip routedefault via 172.17.42.1 dev eth0172.17.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.3root@f38c87f2a42d:/# exit
请记住，Docker 主机不会愿意将容器数据包转发到 Internet 上，除非其ip_forward系统设置为1- 请参阅与外部通信以了解详细信息的部分。