php调用shell的方法
这篇文章主要介绍了php调用shell的方法,包括相关的原理、注意事项及函数用法,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了php调用shell的方法,分享给大家供大家参考。具体方法如下:
一、配置
查看php.ini中配置是否打开安全模式,主要是以下三个地方
safe_mode = (这个如果为off下面两个就不用管了)
disable_functions =
safe_mode_exec_dir=
二、使用
由于PHP基本是用于WEB程序开发的,所以安全性成了人们考虑的一个重要方面。于是PHP的设计者们给PHP加了一个门:安全模式。如果运行在安全模式下,那么PHP脚本中将受到如下四个方面的限制:
① 执行外部命令
② 在打开文件时有些限制
③ 连接MySQL数据库
④ 基于HTTP的认证
在安全模式下,只有在特定目录中的外部程序才可以被执行,对其它程序的调用将被拒绝。这个目录可以在php.ini文件中用 safe_mode_exec_dir指令,或在编译PHP是加上--with-exec-dir选项来指定,默认是/usr/local/php /bin。
如果你调用一个应该可以输出结果的外部命令(意思是PHP脚本没有错误),得到的却是一片空白,那么很可能你的网管已经把PHP运行在安全模式下了。
三、如何做?
在PHP中调用外部命令,可以用如下三种方法来实现:
1) 用PHP提供的专门函数
PHP提供共了3个专门的执行外部命令的函数:system(),,exec(),passthru()。
system()
原型:string system (string command [, int return_var])
system()函数很其它语言中的差不多,它执行给定的命令,输出和返回结果。第二个参数是可选的,用来得到命令执行后的状态码。
例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
system("/usr/local/bin/webalizer/webalizer");
exec()
原型:string exec (string command [, string array [, int return_var]])
exec() 函数与system()类似,也执行给定的命令,但不输出结果,而是返回结果的最后一行。虽然它只返回命令结果的最后一行,但用第二个参数array可以得到完整的结果,方法是把结果逐行追加到array的结尾处。所以如果array不是空的,在调用之前最好用unset()最它清掉。只有指定了第二个参数时,才可以用第三个参数,用来取得命令执行的状态码。
例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
exec("/bin/ls -l");
exec("/bin/ls -l", $res);
#$res是一个数据,每个元素代表结果的一行
exec("/bin/ls -l", $res, $rc);
#$rc的值是命令/bin/ls -l的状态码。成功的情况下通常是0
passthru()
原型:void passthru (string command [, int return_var])
passthru() 只调用命令,不返回任何结果,但把命令的运行结果原样地直接输出到标准输出设备上。所以passthru()函数经常用来调用象pbmplus(Unix 下的一个处理图片的工具,输出二进制的原始图片的流)这样的程序。同样它也可以得到命令执行的状态码。
例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
header("Content-type: image/gif");
passthru("./ppmtogif hunte.ppm");
希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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