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PHP Session机制简介及用法

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:19 PM
php session usage Introduction

这篇文章主要介绍了PHP Session机制简介及用法,需要的朋友可以参考下

当服务器创建了一个session(session_start()),服务器将会在服务器的指定文件夹下创建一个session文件,其名称为sessionID,并当做cookie的值发送给浏览器。浏览器每次访问该服务器时便会带着这个cookie,服务器便会识别改sessionID,找到相应的session文件。该文件中存放了若干键值对。该session文件所存放的文件夹可以在配置文件php,ini中修改。

cookie 每次请求页面的时候进行验证,如果用户信息存储在数据库中,每次都要执行一次数据库查询,给数据库造成多余的负担。cookie可以被修改的,所以安全系数太低。

session是存储在服务器端面的会话,相对安全,并且不像Cookie那样有存储长度限制。由于Session是以文本文件形式存储在服务器端的,所以不怕客户端修改Session内容。实际上在服务器端的Session文件,PHP自动修改session文件的权限,只保留了系统读和写权限,而且不能通过ftp修改,所以安全得多。

对于 Cookie 来说,假设我们要验证用户是否登陆,就必须在 Cookie 中保存用户名和密码(可能是 md5 加密后字符串),并在每次请求页面的时候进行验证。

如果用户名和密码存储在数据库,每次都要执行一次数据库查询,给数据库造成多余的负担。因为我们并不能 只做一次验证。为什么呢?

因为客户端 Cookie 中的信息是有可能被修改的。假如你存储 $admin 变量来表示用户是否登陆,$admin 为 true 的时候表示登陆,为 false 的时候表示未登录,在第一次通过验证后将 $admin 等于 true 存储在 Cookie,下次就不用验证了,这样对么?错了,假如有人伪造一个值为 true 的 $admin 变量那不是就立即取的了管理权限么?非常的不安全。

而 Session 就不同了,Session 是存储在服务器端的,远程用户没办法修改 Session 文件的内容,因此我们可以单纯存储一个 $admin 变量来判断是否登陆,首次验证通过后设置 $admin 值为 true,以后判断该值是否为 true,假如不是,转入登陆界面,这样就可以减少很多数据库操作了。

而且可以减少每次为了验证 Cookie 而传递密码的不安全性了(Session 验证只需要传递一次,假如你没有使用 SSL 安全协议的话)。即使密码进行了 md5 加密,也是很容易被截获的。

session 会话会为每一个开启了 session 会话的访问者建立一个唯一的会话 ID ,用于识别用户。该会话 ID 可能存储于用户电脑的 cookie 内,也可能通过 URL 来传递。而对应的具体 session 值会存储于服务器端,这也是与 cookie 的主要区别,并且安全性相对较高。

创建 session

要创建 session 或返回已经存在的会话 ,就必须先使用 session_start() 函数开启一个 session 会话,系统会分配一个会话 ID:

注册session变量

使用 session_register() 函数注册一个 session 变量,成功返回 TRUE ,否则返回 FALSE 。

语法:bool session_register( mixed name [, mixed ...] )

使用 session_register() 函数可以在目前会话下注册一个或多个全局 session 变量。 参数name就是想要加入的变量名,成功则返回逻辑值true。可以用$_SESSION[name]或$HTTP_SESSION_VARS[name]的形式来取值或赋值。

例子:

在该例子中,我们向 session 注册了一个名为 username 的变量,其值为 nostop 。

读取 session

PHP 内置的 $_SESSION 变量可以很方便的访问设置的 session 变量。

例子:

销毁 session

session_unregister()  注销单个 session 变量
unset($_SESSION['age']); 用于注销以$_SESSION['age']注册的session变量
session_unset()  删除所有已注册的变量
session_destroy() 注销所有的session变量,并注销整个 session 会话

例子:


检查变量是否被登记为会话变量

session_is_registered

语法:boobean session_is_registered(string name);

这个函数可检查当前的session之中是否已有指定的变量注册,参数name就是要检查的变量名。成功则返回逻辑值true。

例子:


存取当前会话名称

session_name

语法:boolean session_name(string [name]);

这个函数可取得或重新设置当前session的名称。若无参数name则表示获取当前session名称,加上参数则表示将session名称设为参数name。

例子:

存取当前会话标识号

session_id

语法:boolean session_id(string [id]);

这个函数可取得或重新设置当前存放session的标识号。若无参数id则表示只获取当前session的标识号,加上参数则表示将session的标识号设成新指定的id。

设置 Session 的生存期

setcookie:向客户端发送一个 HTTP cookie。

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