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PHP引用(&)各种使用方法实例详解

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:23 PM
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php的引用(就是在变量或者函数、对象等前面加上符号),在PHP 中引用的意思是:不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。与C语言中的指针是有差别的.C语言中的指针里面

php的引用(就是在变量或者函数、对象等前面加上&符号),在PHP 中引用的意思是:不同的名字访问同一个变量内容。与C语言中的指针是有差别的.C语言中的指针里面存储的是变量的内容,在内存中存放的地址。

1.变量的引用
PHP 的引用允许你用两个变量来指向同一个内容

复制代码 代码如下:


    $a="ABC";
    $b =&$a;
    echo $a;//这里输出:ABC
    echo $b;//这里输出:ABC
    $b="EFG";
    echo $a;//这里$a的值变为EFG 所以输出EFG
    echo $b;//这里输出EFG
?>

2.函数的引用传递(传址调用)
传址调用我就不多说了 下面直接给出代码

复制代码 代码如下:

    function test(&$a)
    {
        $a=$a+100;
    }
    $b=1;
    echo $b;//输出1
    test($b);   //这里$b传递给函数的其实是$b的变量内容所处的内存地址,通过在函数里改变$a的值 就可以改变$b的值了
    echo "
";
    echo $b;//输出101
?>

要注意的是,在这里test(1);的话就会出错,原因自己去想。
注意:上面的“ test($b); ” 中的$b前面不要加 & 符号,但是在函数“call_user_func_array”中,若要引用传参,就得需要 & 符号,如下代码所示:

复制代码 代码如下:

function a(&$b){
    $b++;
}
$c=0;
call_user_func_array('a',array(&$c));
echo $c;
//输出 1
?>


3.函数的引用返回
先看代码

复制代码 代码如下:

function &test()
{
    static $b=0;//申明一个静态变量
    $b=$b+1;
    echo $b;
    return $b;
}
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为1
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为2
$a=&test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为3
$a=5;
$a=test();//这条语句会输出 $b的值 为6
?>

下面解释下: 
通过这种方式$a=test();得到的其实不是函数的引用返回,这跟普通的函数调用没有区别 至于原因: 这是PHP的规定
PHP规定通过$a=&test(); 方式得到的才是函数的引用返回
至于什么是引用返回呢(PHP手册上说:引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。) 这句狗屁话 害我半天没看懂

用上面的例子来解释就是
$a=test()方式调用函数,只是将函数的值赋给$a而已, 而$a做任何改变 都不会影响到函数中的$b
而通过$a=&test()方式调用函数呢, 他的作用是 将return $b中的 $b变量的内存地址与$a变量的内存地址 指向了同一个地方
即产生了相当于这样的效果($a=&$b;) 所以改变$a的值 也同时改变了$b的值 所以在执行了
$a=&test();
$a=5;
以后,$b的值变为了5

这里是为了让大家理解函数的引用返回才使用静态变量的,其实函数的引用返回多用在对象中

另附一个php官方例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

This is the way how we use pointer to access variable inside the class.
class talker{
    private $data = 'Hi';
    public function & get(){
        return $this->data;
    }

    public function out(){
        echo $this->data;
    }  
}
$aa = new talker();
$d = &$aa->get();
$aa->out();
$d = 'How';
$aa->out();
$d = 'Are';
$aa->out();
$d = 'You';
$aa->out();
?>
//the output is "HiHowAreYou"

4.对象的引用

复制代码 代码如下:

    class a{
        var $abc="ABC";
    }
    $b=new a;
    $c=$b;
    echo $b->abc;//这里输出ABC
    echo $c->abc;//这里输出ABC
    $b->abc="DEF";
    echo $c->abc;//这里输出DEF
?>

上代码是在PHP5中的运行效果

在PHP5中 对象的赋值是个引用的过程。上列中$b=new a; $c=$b; 其实等效于$b=new a; $c=&$b;
PHP5中默认就是通过引用来调用对象, 但有时你可能想建立一个对象的副本,并希望原来的对象的改变不影响到副本 . 为了这样的目的,PHP5定义了一个特殊的方法,称为__clone。
自 PHP 5 起,new 自动返回引用,因此在此使用 =& 已经过时了并且会产生 E_STRICT 级别的消息。
在php4中,对象的赋值是个拷贝过程,
如:$b=new a,其中new a产生的是一个匿名的a对象实例,而此时的$b是对这个匿名对象的拷贝。同理$c=$b,也是对$b内容的一个拷贝。所以在php4中,为了节省内存空间,$b=new a 一般会改成引用的模式,即 $b=& new a。

下面再来个 官方 提供的例子:
在php5中,你不需要额外添加什么东西就可到达“对象引用”的功能:

复制代码 代码如下:

class foo{
        protected $name;
        function __construct($str){
                $this->name = $str;
        }
        function __toString(){
                return  'my name is "'. $this->name .'" and I live in "' . __CLASS__ . '".' . "\n";
        }
        function setName($str){
                $this->name = $str;
        }
}
class MasterOne{
        protected $foo;
        function __construct($f){
                $this->foo = $f;
        }
        function __toString(){
                return 'Master: ' . __CLASS__ . ' | foo: ' . $this->foo . "\n";
        }
        function setFooName($str){
                $this->foo->setName( $str );
        }
}
class MasterTwo{
        protected $foo;
        function __construct($f){
                $this->foo = $f;
        }
        function __toString(){
                return 'Master: ' . __CLASS__ . ' | foo: ' . $this->foo . "\n";
        }
        function setFooName($str){
                $this->foo->setName( $str );
        }
}
$bar = new foo('bar');
print("\n");
print("Only Created \$bar and printing \$bar\n");
print( $bar );
print("\n");
print("Now \$baz is referenced to \$bar and printing \$bar and \$baz\n");

$baz =& $bar;
print( $bar );
print("\n");
print("Now Creating MasterOne and Two and passing \$bar to both constructors\n");

$m1 = new MasterOne( $bar );
$m2 = new MasterTwo( $bar );
print( $m1 );
print( $m2 );
print("\n");
print("Now changing value of \$bar and printing \$bar and \$baz\n");

$bar->setName('baz');
print( $bar );
print( $baz );
print("\n");
print("Now printing again MasterOne and Two\n");
print( $m1 );
print( $m2 );
print("\n");
print("Now changing MasterTwo's foo name and printing again MasterOne and Two\n");

$m2->setFooName( 'MasterTwo\'s Foo' );
print( $m1 );
print( $m2 );
print("Also printing \$bar and \$baz\n");
print( $bar );
print( $baz );
?>

输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

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