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浮点计算精度

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:26 PM
php

1.背景描述:在php代码中echo(10 - 9.8 - 0.2);会返回一个近似于0但又不是0的数,我看到很多博客也大篇幅地解释为什么计算后精度会丢失,就是说二进制保存这些浮点数会失真,只能近似保存。
2.引出问题:那么问题来了,如何避免显示的时候看到这个问题,比如避免你的银行账户里的余额总不能显示你的金额是0.000000001吧。各位有什么好的解决办法吗?
3.暂用方法:我目前只是简单的用round去取整,但是所有的计算我都要这么去处理了觉得挺麻烦的,怎么办?

回复内容:

1.背景描述:在php代码中echo(10 - 9.8 - 0.2);会返回一个近似于0但又不是0的数,我看到很多博客也大篇幅地解释为什么计算后精度会丢失,就是说二进制保存这些浮点数会失真,只能近似保存。
2.引出问题:那么问题来了,如何避免显示的时候看到这个问题,比如避免你的银行账户里的余额总不能显示你的金额是0.000000001吧。各位有什么好的解决办法吗?
3.暂用方法:我目前只是简单的用round去取整,但是所有的计算我都要这么去处理了觉得挺麻烦的,怎么办?

程序里的浮点数计算都是近似的,作为程序员,我们应该永远不要指望得到的结果是精确的,所以计算之前要搞清楚精度要求。举个例子,即使是计算太阳系的直径,当π精确到小数点后面十几位时,计算出来的半径误差也只有几厘米了。

就金额来说,有些语言对金额有专有的数据类型。其他的语言就自己控制,例如金额一般只需要精确到小数点后2位就可以了。还有一种处理金额的方法是保存到分,例如1元钱保存为100分,显示的时候再处理成元来显示,这样计算的时候就只需涉及到整数即可。

这种问题太泛滥了,网上搜一下就可以得到答案。关于浮点数之间的加减乘数得出来的结果想要绝对的精确,目前是不太可能的。

你可以借助 PHP 的 BC 高精确度函数库。用这个库的好处就是你可以控制至少精确到的位数,而不至于失控。请参考 PHP 手册。

echo bcsub(10-9.8-0.2,0);//0http://php.net/manual/en/ref.bc.php

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