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PHP函数preg_match_all正则表达式的基本使用详细解析

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:27 PM
php function regular expression

以下是对PHP中的函数preg_match_all正则表达式的基本使用进行了详细的分析介绍,需要的朋友可以过来参考下

了解正则表达式之前,须要掌握一些常用的正则表达式的基础知识,这些如果能记得最好记得,服务器空间,记不住须要用的时候能查到就行,香港服务器,就多个特殊字符,所以说正则表达式玩的就是特殊,具体大家可以查看更加细致的说明。

preg_match_all函数具体说明大家可以查看PHP手册,本文运用 preg_match_all用于测试正则表达的效果。

实例代码:

复制代码 代码如下:


$html = '

jb51.net
jb51.net2
jb51.net3
';

实例要求:分别将每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出,如biuuu,biuuu_2,biuuu_3,jb51.net,jb51.net2和jb51.net3(一些常用的抓站要领就是这样匹配的)

分析:字符串是一个基本的HTML元素,每一个DIV元素对应该一个ID和内容,并且是独立的,首先考虑如何 取出一个DIV内的ID值和内容,如:jb51.net,然后匹配其它类似的元素。一个DIV中须要取出两个值,也就是两个匹配的表达式,第一个表达式用于匹配ID值(biuuu),第二个表达式用于匹配ID的内容(jb51.net),正则表达式常用的表达式运用小括号,那么前面的元素将会变成如下形式:
(jb51.net)

(表达式2)

好,运用如上小括号把须要匹配的区域执行 了划分,接下来就是如何 匹配各个表达式内的内容,我们猜想一个ID可能是字母,数字或下划线,那这就变得基本了,运用中括号就可以实现,如下:

表达式1:[a-zA-Z0-9_]+ (表示匹配大小写字母,数字和下划线)
那如何 匹配表达式2,因为ID的内容可以是任意的字符,但是要留心,不能匹配字符,因为如果匹配这两个字符将会把后面运用的DIV都匹配出来,因此须要排除这两个字符开始的元素,也就是不匹配以字符,如下:

表达式2:[^]+ (表示不匹配字符)
这样,须要匹配的子表达式就实现了,但是还要须要匹配一个 的表达式,要领如下:
表达式:/ '\"(表达式1)\"'>(表达式2)/
留心其中的双引号"和/须要运用 \转义字符转义,然后把前面两个表达式放进去,
如下: '\"([a-z0-9_]+)\"'>/

([^]+)/   

这样就实现一个匹配每一个DIV元素ID值和内容的正则表达式,香港空间,然后运用 preg_match_all函数测试如下:

复制代码 代码如下:


$html = '

jb51.net
jb51.net2
jb51.net3
';
preg_match_all('/
([^]+)/',$html,$result);
var_dump($result);

结果:

复制代码 代码如下:


array(3) { [0]=> array(3)
{ [0]=> string(30) "

jb51.net
" [1]=> string(33) "
jb51.net2
" [2]=> string(33) "
jb51.net3
" } [1]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "biuuu" [1]=> string(7) "biuuu_2" [2]=> string(7) "biuuu_3" } [2]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(8) "jb51.net" [1]=> string(9) "jb51.net2" [2]=> string(9) "jb51.net3" } }

共有三个表达式,分别显示每一个表达式匹配的值,并以数组的形式存储,这样就把每一个DIV元素的ID和内容取出。运用正则表达式最主要还是要知道须要什么,然后跟椐须要执行 匹配,并且思路清晰,并适当的借助preg_match_all函数执行 输出调试,非常方便。
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