websocket的优点有哪些
websocket的优点有哪些?
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议。WebSocket通信协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并由RFC7936补充规范。WebSocket API也被W3C定为标准。
WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。
优点
较少的控制开销。在连接创建后,服务器和客户端之间交换数据时,用于协议控制的数据包头部相对较小。在不包含扩展的情况下,对于服务器到客户端的内容,此头部大小只有2至10字节(和数据包长度有关);对于客户端到服务器的内容,此头部还需要加上额外的4字节的掩码。相对于HTTP请求每次都要携带完整的头部,此项开销显著减少了。
更强的实时性。由于协议是全双工的,所以服务器可以随时主动给客户端下发数据。相对于HTTP请求需要等待客户端发起请求服务端才能响应,延迟明显更少;即使是和Comet等类似的长轮询比较,其也能在短时间内更多次地传递数据。
保持连接状态。与HTTP不同的是,Websocket需要先创建连接,这就使得其成为一种有状态的协议,之后通信时可以省略部分状态信息。而HTTP请求可能需要在每个请求都携带状态信息(如身份认证等)。
更好的二进制支持。Websocket定义了二进制帧,相对HTTP,可以更轻松地处理二进制内容。
可以支持扩展。Websocket定义了扩展,用户可以扩展协议、实现部分自定义的子协议。如部分浏览器支持压缩等。
更好的压缩效果。相对于HTTP压缩,Websocket在适当的扩展支持下,可以沿用之前内容的上下文,在传递类似的数据时,可以显著地提高压缩率。
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