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PHP设计模式之代理模式的深入解析

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Release: 2016-06-06 20:31:51
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本篇文章是对PHP设计模式中的代理模式进行了详细的分析介绍,需要的朋友参考下

代理模式(Proxy),它是对简单处理程序(或指针)的增强,用于引用一个对象:这个指针被代理(Proxy)对象取代,代理对象位于客户端(Client)和真实执行程序之间,指针有一个可被多个目标利用的钩子。

从技术上讲,这种模式在客户端和真实主体(RealSubject)之间插入一个代理对象,维护subject接口和用不同的方式委派它的方法。代理可以透明地做任何事情:懒散创建RealSubject或载入数据,与其它机器交换消息,写时复制策略等。这与HTTP代理有点类似,其客户端(如浏览器)和应用程序依赖于与HTTP服务器的联系,网站空间,代理在管理连接时可以完成其它任务,如访问控制和缓存大型下载文件。


代理模式的对象图与装饰模式对象图在结构上类似,但表达的目的各有不同,装饰者给对象动态增加行为,而代理则控制来自客户端的访问。此外,代理只在需要时才创建RealSubject。

参与者:
◆客户端(Client):取决于主体(Subject)实现;
◆主体(Subject):RealSubject的抽象;
◆真实主体(RealSubject):完成代价高昂的工作或包含大量的数据;
◆代理(Proxy):为Client提供一个与Subject一致的引用,香港虚拟主机,仅在需要时才创建RealSubject实例或与RealSubject实例通信。

下面是两个被广泛使用的代理模式例子:
1、对象-关系映射(Orms)在运行中创建代理作为实体类的子类,以实现懒散加载(虚拟代理),这个代理会覆盖所有实体方法,在前面追加一个载入程序,在方法被真正调用前不会包含任何数据,Orms代理支持对象间的双向关系,不用加载整个数据库,因为它们被置于当前加载对象图的边界。

2、Java RMI使用远程代理对象(远程代理),当它们的方法被调用时,代理序列化参数,执行网络上的请求,委托调用另一个节点上的真实对象,香港服务器租用,这种技术允许透明地调用远程对象,不用担心它们是否在同一台机器上,但这种透明度很容易会使执行速度变慢。

下面的代码示例实现了一个ImageProxy,推迟了图像数据的加载。

复制代码 代码如下:


/**
* Subject interface.
* Client depends only on this abstraction.
*/
interface Image
{
public function getWidth();

public function getHeight();

public function getPath();

/**
* @return string the image's byte stream
*/
public function dump();
}

/**
* Abstract class to avoid repetition of boilerplate code in the Proxy
* and in the Subject. Only the methods which can be provided without
* instancing the RealSubject are present here.
*/
abstract class AbstractImage implements Image
{
protected $_width;
protected $_height;
protected $_path;
protected $_data;

public function getWidth()
{
return $this->_width;
}

public function getHeight()
{
return $this->_height;
}

public function getPath()
{
return $this->_path;
}
}

/**
* The RealSubject. Always loads the image, even if no dump of the data
* is required.
*/
class RawImage extends AbstractImage
{
public function __construct($path)
{
$this->_path = $path;
list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path);
$this->_data = file_get_contents($path);
}

public function dump()
{
return $this->_data;
}
}

/**
* Proxy. Defers loading the image data until it becomes really mandatory.
* This class does its best to postpone the very expensive operations
* such as the actual loading of the BLOB.
*/
class ImageProxy extends AbstractImage
{
public function __construct($path)
{
$this->_path = $path;
list ($this->_width, $this->_height) = getimagesize($path);
}

/**
* Creates a RawImage and exploits its functionalities.
*/
protected function _lazyLoad()
{
if ($this->_realImage === null) {
$this->_realImage = new RawImage($this->_path);
}
}

public function dump()
{
$this->_lazyLoad();
return $this->_realImage->dump();
}
}

/**
* Client class that does not use the data dump of the image.
* Passing blindly a Proxy to this class and to other Clients makes sense
* as the data would be loaded anyway when Image::dump() is called.
*/
class Client
{
public function tag(Image $img)
{
return ';
}
}

$path = '/home/giorgio/shared/Immagini/kiki.png';
$client = new Client();

$image = new RawImage($path); // loading of the BLOB takes place
echo $client->tag($image), "\n";

$proxy = new ImageProxy($path);
echo $client->tag($proxy), "\n"; // loading does not take place even here


以上代码实现了PHP的代理模式。简单来讲,代理模式就是为其他对象提供一个代理以控制对这个对象的访问。
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