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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 一道MySQL优化查询的面试题

一道MySQL优化查询的面试题

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:32 PM
mysql php

前几天面试碰到一个数据库(MySQL)优化查询的问题:

说一张表里有1千万条数据,有一个字段status有两个值(1待审核、2审核通过),然后呢有两个列表即待审核列表与审核通过的列表,那么如何优化查询SQL使其列表的查询速度达到最快?

我没答上来,其实我本来想说给status字段加索引,但细想由于它的值重复性太多,即使加了索引效果也不明显,所以我不知道如何去优化这样的查询。

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前几天面试碰到一个数据库(MySQL)优化查询的问题:

说一张表里有1千万条数据,有一个字段status有两个值(1待审核、2审核通过),然后呢有两个列表即待审核列表与审核通过的列表,那么如何优化查询SQL使其列表的查询速度达到最快?

我没答上来,其实我本来想说给status字段加索引,但细想由于它的值重复性太多,即使加了索引效果也不明显,所以我不知道如何去优化这样的查询。

用redis的bitmap应该适合这个场景

看到这个问题后,我也迟疑了一会,针对如此大的数据量,问题的关键在于你如何去获取数据,总不可能一次获取获取全部吧!所以这里的优化重点在于业务方,尽量的压缩查询返回数据,只要查询的数据量小(如果业务不复杂,数据库不身是不适合处理复杂计算的),查询性能才能更高,至于楼上回答的分表/分区,个人感觉还是要看业务,综合来看,总不能说审核通过的记录从这个表在移动到另外一个表的,另外如果有需要获取全部的需求,那岂不是要连表查询,性能更低。
至于如何让查询的数据量小,有很多做法,比如结合缓存(redis-nosql),保证mysql只处理我们需要的数据或者只是保存数据,往往业务的性能瓶颈并不在数据库,所以不要把压力放到数据库这里

1.primary(id,stauts)
2.更直接的是用redis的bitmap只有0和1刚好对应两个状态。

这其实得看到底考的是啥,莫名其妙的

正常的做法加索引,但这种索引只有一个status的条件,显然是没有什么意义的。

只是用db搜索的话,我觉得可以用分区分表的方式解决这个问题,待审核和审核过的分表处理,2个列表查询全拿就好了。

可以考虑加字段,比如添加时间ctime,where的时候加上时间。

补充下:force index 或许可以

不知所云,

说一张表里有1千万条数据,有一个字段status有两个值(1待审核、2审核通过),然后呢有两个列表即待审核列表与审核通过的列表,那么如何优化查询SQL使其列表的查询速度达到最快?

查什么?怎么查?都没说清楚怎么优化么?待审核表与审核通过表又是啥(视图么? 表的话怎么关联的)?

我想的是,既然题中只有两个状态,为什么不分表?

题外:我自己做的审批系统内是这样处理的,所有发生的事件都会把(id,event_id,status,desc,url,time) 这些东西,单独弄个内存表(cache),status符合一定条件或者超时,就从这个表里删除(按时间顺序归档)了,所以不可能出现那么大的表。

我记得上学学哲学的时候就说是一切是相对的,没有绝对论,所以这里的“最快”不是绝对的

给status加哈希索引,sql语句只能是where status = 1,外加limit了

mysql 没想到好的答案。。在一个表中,加索引重复太高了。。。。请高人指点吧。。。

一般都是把这状态放到redis的list中。。。。

如果是myisam表的话,是不是可以考虑组合索引?id和status作为主键。

使用SQL的查询缓存试试?

撇开这道题,大部分情况下我们只需要用到前几页,我觉得缓存一个id范围,查询的时候带上即可!

分表,如将其他字段根据尾数进行分表,这样查询的时候根据其尾数决定去哪个表查询。

不过这有一个前提就是分表的字段值分布够均匀,这样前面的分表方式就可以将记录均分到各个表。

1.分表
2.我隐约记得以前看过一本书 上面写这种字段要定义成SET.然后加上索引, 可以改善存储性能和查询速度.不过我自己没有亲自试验, 所以只是一个建议.

状态分表,条目不物理删除,查询时分页与否都只用id查询。

妥妥的分表啊!

只有更快,没有最快,这里说的是优化SQL,没说让你动表结构

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