如何设计合理的service?
今天碰到一个bug,最后发现原因应该就是service的设计不当(另一个提问)
那么我们应该如何设计合理的service?有哪些要注意的?什么才是好的service?有哪些的例子可以参考?
回复内容:
今天碰到一个bug,最后发现原因应该就是service的设计不当(另一个提问)
那么我们应该如何设计合理的service?有哪些要注意的?什么才是好的service?有哪些的例子可以参考?
我的解决办法如下,有什么缺点请指教:
Service应该分为2种:1,名词Service; 2, 行为Service
如:UserService 与 RegisterService
对于【名词Service】其里面每个method都必须返回相应的对象,如UserService下的upgrade(uid)就必须返回被升级后的user对象。
对于【行为Service】只对外暴露出一个execute(data),excute(data)必须返回行为成功与否的状态以及被施加这个行为的对象,如RegisterService下的excute(data)就必须返回注册成功与否,以及如果成功了它影响的对象。
通常我们约定对外只调用【行为Service】,再在【行为Service】里调用多个【名词Service】和其他【行为Service】,如在RegisterService::execute(data)里调用UserService::create(), UserService::markNewbee(uid),SendEmailService::execut()等;
【名词Service】中允许调用别的【名词Service】,但不允许调用【行为Service】,如UserService::upgrade不单单可以修改user也可以调用LogService::create来创建log,但不能调用LogoutService::execute()来登出用户。
可以简单的理解为一个Model处理它那张数据库表,一个【名词Service】处理多个Model,一个【行为Service】处理多个【名词Service】,这里【行为Service】也就是设计模式里的facade,可以配合command模式使用。
所有Service的每个method的入参都可以是id或者对象实例,如upgrade()可以接受uid也可以接受user作为入参。
回到我的另一个提问,可以这么写
<code>class AService { function get(aid_or_object) { if (aid_or_object instanceOf A) { return aid_or_object; } return A.getById(aid); } } class PService { function get(pid_or_object) { if (pid_or_object instanceOf P) { return pid_or_object; } return P.getById(pid); } } class Do2Service { function execute(aid_or_object, pid_or_object = null) { a = AService.get(aid_or_object); if (pid_or_object instanceOf P) { p = pid_or_object } else { p = PService.get(a.pid); } p.s = 'zz'; p.save(); a.save(); return [:success, a, p]; } } class Do3Service { function execute(pid_or_object) { p = PService.get(pid_or_object); p.s = 'cc'; p.save(); return [:success, p]; } } class Do1Service { function execute(pid_or_object) { p = PService.get(pid_or_object); p.s = 'yy' if condition1 result, a, p = Do2Servce.execute(p.aid, p) if condition2 result, p = Do3Servce.execute(p) if condition3 p.a = 'a'; p.b = 'b'; p.save() return [:success, p, a]; } } </code>
你的问题的本质,是两个“主语”(只是在你的案例中恰好都是service而已)的各自一个“行为”(do1 和 do2)含有了完全相同的一个“行动效果”(修改p.s的值)。
冲突不在于service,而在于行动效果冗余。
试想一下,换一个案例,其中只有一个主语,两个行为(do1 和 do2)都是它的,那么问题也是等价的。
两个行为有重叠的行动效果,实在太常见的了。
关键在于,你怎样界定,哪种重叠是满足需求的?哪种是错误、不合理的?
举一个满足需求的例子:
需求是:p是一个鼠标悬停的tips(界面组件)。先根据鼠标坐标,赋值p.top为一个值。随后,计算tips是否超出了窗口边缘。如果是,则计算tips的top的最大值(因为窗口大小可能会被改变,所以需要计算),然后赋值p.top为该最大值。p.left同理。
这是我做网页前端开发时遇到过的需求。
你的解决办法,大概可以解决你的那一个具体案例,但换成别的情况可能就又不对症了。
在我看来,关键在于,一个行为的源头(往往是事件)所导致一连串行动效果,其中要避免出现重叠;除非需求要求必要的重叠。
这“一连串”的“串法”,是设计上要想清楚的。你已经在朝这个方向努力了,只是关注点稍有偏离。
至于串的过程中的对象(主语/宾语)是不是service、是何种service,倒是没有关系。

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