从手册去理解分析PHP session机制
session_start()是session机制的开始,它有一定概率开启垃圾回收,因为session是存放在文件中,PHP自身的垃圾回收是无效的,SESSION的回收是要删文件的,这个概率是根据php.ini的配置决定的
session.save_handler = files
1. session_start()
session_start()是session机制的开始,它有一定概率开启垃圾回收,因为session是存放在文件中,PHP自身的垃圾回收是无效的,SESSION的回收是要删文件的,这个概率是根据php.ini的配置决定的,但是有的系统是 session.gc_probability = 0,这也就是说概率是0,而是通过cron脚本来实现垃圾回收。
代码如下:
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 1000
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440//过期时间 默认24分钟
//概率是 session.gc_probability/session.gc_divisor 结果 1/1000,
//不建议设置过小,因为session的垃圾回收,是需要检查每个文件是否过期的。
session.save_path = //好像不同的系统默认不一样,有一种设置是 "N;/path"
//这是随机分级存储,这个样的话,垃圾回收将不起作用,需要自己写脚本
session会判断当前是否有$_COOKIE[session_name()];session_name()返回保存session_id的COOKIE键值,这个值可以从php.ini找到 session.name = PHPSESSID //默认值PHPSESSID
如果不存在会生成一个session_id,然后把生成的session_id作为COOKIE的值传递到客户端.相当于执行了下面COOKIE 操作,注意的是,这一步执行了setcookie()操作,COOKIE是在header头中发送的,这之前是不能有输出的,PHP有另外一个函数 session_regenerate_id() 如果使用这个函数,这之前也是不能有输出的。
代码如下:
setcookie(session_name(),
session_id(),
session.cookie_lifetime,//默认0
session.cookie_path,//默认'/'当前程序跟目录下都有效
session.cookie_domain,//默认为空
)
如果存在,那么session_id = $_COOKIE[session_name]; 然后去session.save_path指定的文件夹里去找名字为'SESS_' . session_id()的文件。读取文件的内容反序列化,然后放到$_SESSION中。
2. 为$_SESSION赋值
比如新添加一个值$_SESSION['test'] = 'blah'; 那么这个$_SESSION只会维护在内存中,当脚本执行结束的时候,用把$_SESSION的值写入到session_id指定的文件夹中,然后关闭相关资源。
这个阶段有可能执行更改session_id的操作,比如销毁一个旧的的session_id,生成一个全新的session_id.一半用在自定义 session操作,角色的转换上,比如Drupal.Drupal的匿名用户有一个SESSION的,当它登录后需要换用新的session_id。
代码如下:
if (isset($_COOKIE[session_name()])) {
setcookie(session_name(), '', time() - 42000, '/');//旧session cookie过期
}
session_regenerate_id();//这一步会生成新的session_id
//session_id()返回的是新的值
3. 写入SESSION操作
在脚本结束的时候会执行SESSION写入操作,把$_SESSION中值写入到session_id命名的文件中,可能已经存在,可能需要创建新的文件。
4. 销毁SESSION
SESSION发出去的COOKIE一般属于即时COOKIE,保存在内存中,当浏览器关闭后,才会过期,假如需要人为强制过期,比如 退出登录,而不是关闭浏览器,那么就需要在代码里销毁SESSION,方法有很多:
setcookie(session_name(), session_id(), time() - 8000000, ..);//退出登录前执行
usset($_SESSION);//这会删除所有的$_SESSION数据,刷新后,有COOKIE传过来,但是没有数据。
session_destroy();//这个作用更彻底,删除$_SESSION 删除session文件,和session_id
当不关闭浏览器的情况下,再次刷新,2和3都会有COOKIE传过来,但是找不到数据。
session.save_handler = user
用户自定义session处理机制,更加直观 session_set_save_handler('open', 'close', 'read', 'write', 'destroy', 'gc');
session_start(), 执行open($save_path, $session_name)打开session操作句柄。 $save_path 在session.save_handler = files的情况下它就是session.save_path,但是如果用户自定的话,这个两个参数都用不上,直接返回TRUE。执行read($id)从中读取数据.//这个参数是自动传递的就是session_id(),可以通过这个值进行操作。
脚本执行结束,执行write($id, $sess_data) //两个参数,很简单
假如用户需要session_destroy(),先执行destroy,再执行第2步
一个实际例子:
代码如下:
//SESSION初始化的时候调用
function open($save_path, $session_name)
{
global $sess_save_path;
$sess_save_path = $save_path;
return(true);
}
//关闭的时候调用
function close()
{
return(true);
}
function read($id)
{
global $sess_save_path;
$sess_file = "$sess_save_path/sess_$id";
return (string) @file_get_contents($sess_file);
}
//脚本执行结束之前,执行写入操作
function write($id, $sess_data)
{
echo "sdfsf";
global $sess_save_path;
$sess_file = "$sess_save_path/sess_$id";
if ($fp = @fopen($sess_file, "w")) {
$return = fwrite($fp, $sess_data);
fclose($fp);
return $return;
} else {
return(false);
}
}
function destroy($id)
{
global $sess_save_path;
$sess_file = "$sess_save_path/sess_$id";
return(@unlink($sess_file));
}
function gc($maxlifetime)
{
global $sess_save_path;
foreach (glob("$sess_save_path/sess_*") as $filename) {
if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime @unlink($filename);
}
}
return true;
}

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