php中的异常处理机制
在java编程语言中,有一套比较完善的异常处理机制,而且内部已经封装的比较好了。php中的异常处理机制却没有那么强大和完善,那它是如何实现的呢,是把每个异常当成错误来处理的吗?
回复内容:
在java编程语言中,有一套比较完善的异常处理机制,而且内部已经封装的比较好了。php中的异常处理机制却没有那么强大和完善,那它是如何实现的呢,是把每个异常当成错误来处理的吗?
PHP 内置了一个基类 Exception,你需要继承这个类来定义自己的异常。
当异常被触发时通过 catch 关键字来捕获,进行异常处理。
<code>catch (MyException $e) { //MyException process here... } </code>
抛出异常可以这样做:
<code>$myException = new MyException(/*something here*/); throw $myException; </code>
关于前段时间,自己提到的一个php中的异常处理机制问题,由于回答者甚少,笔者只好自己广搜网络资源以及大拿的文章(尤其参考PHP核心技术与最佳实践一书),现整理如下,如有错误,欢迎指出:
在各种语言中,异常和错误的概念其实是不一样的,在PHP中,任何自身错误都会触发一个错误,而不是抛出异常(对于一些情况,会同时抛出异常和错误!)。在这个意义上,如果像使用异常一样去处理一些不可预知的情况,是办不到的。比如,想在数据库连接打不开时触发异常,是不可行的,这在PHP中把他作为错误抛出,而不会作为异常自动捕获。
经典除零问题:
<code>try { $a = 5 / 0; echo $a; } catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); $a = 123; } echo $a; </code>
输出结果是:
PHP只有你手动throw抛出异常后,才能捕获异常(一般是这样,但也有php异常可以自动捕获)。
而对于java,它有比较完善的异常处理机制,把一切认为不正常的情况都当作了异常,而PHP却把他们当成了错误,根本原因在于,java里异常是唯一的错误报告方式,而在php中却不是这样。通俗一点就是,这两门语言的设计者对于异常和错误的界定存在分歧,什么是异常,什么是错误,他们的设计者存在不同的观点而已。
说道异常,就不得不提php中异常的兄弟-----错误。php中错误的处理比异常的价值大得多,而且php提供了比较强大的错误处理函数,详细请自己查阅手则或者网络资源。

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