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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 为什么PHP的主流框架和CMS采用绝对路径而不是相对路径?

为什么PHP的主流框架和CMS采用绝对路径而不是相对路径?

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:49 PM
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按理说,相对路径遍历的目录比绝对路径要少呀。 比如../admin/明显要比c:/wamp/www/cms/templates/admin/遍历的目录少。

情境:使用include(_once),require(_once)时。

注: 此处所指的绝对路径是指服务器使用的是文件的物理路径(也称为根相对路径),无论是使用"__DIR__"还是一个变量。 此处所指的相对路径是目录相对路径(./xxx.php),不是文件名的相对路径(xxx.php)。

可能性1:使用相对路径会解析成绝对路径再执行。

结果:手册上表示相对路径不会被解析成绝对路径@jackeychen

可能性2:include_path()对效率会有影响。

结果:手册上说明除了类似于xxx.php的文件名之外,只要是路径,就不会再使用includepath()(但是@zhaoyi指出php5.2之前相对路径还是会受includepath影响,Laruence在10年的一片文章也提到相对路径受到include_path的影响(其实他指的是文件名的相对目录))

附1:PHP手册 include函数:被包含文件先按参数给出的路径寻找,如果没有给出目录(只有文件名)时则按照 includepath 指定的目录寻找。如果在 includepath 下没找到该文件则 include 最后才在调用脚本文件所在的目录和当前工作目录下寻找。如果最后仍未找到文件则 include 结构会发出一条警告;这一点和 require 不同,后者会发出一个致命错误。如果定义了路径——不管是绝对路径(在 Windows 下以盘符或者 \ 开头,在 Unix/Linux 下以 / 开头)还是当前目录的相对路径(以 . 或者 .. 开头)——include_path 都会被完全忽略。例如一个文件以 ../ 开头,则解析器会在当前目录的父目录下寻找该文件。

附2:参考文章 《深入理解PHP之require/include顺序》 from Laruence.

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按理说,相对路径遍历的目录比绝对路径要少呀。 比如../admin/明显要比c:/wamp/www/cms/templates/admin/遍历的目录少。

情境:使用include(_once),require(_once)时。

注: 此处所指的绝对路径是指服务器使用的是文件的物理路径(也称为根相对路径),无论是使用"__DIR__"还是一个变量。 此处所指的相对路径是目录相对路径(./xxx.php),不是文件名的相对路径(xxx.php)。

可能性1:使用相对路径会解析成绝对路径再执行。

结果:手册上表示相对路径不会被解析成绝对路径@jackeychen

可能性2:include_path()对效率会有影响。

结果:手册上说明除了类似于xxx.php的文件名之外,只要是路径,就不会再使用includepath()(但是@zhaoyi指出php5.2之前相对路径还是会受includepath影响,Laruence在10年的一片文章也提到相对路径受到include_path的影响(其实他指的是文件名的相对目录))

附1:PHP手册 include函数:被包含文件先按参数给出的路径寻找,如果没有给出目录(只有文件名)时则按照 includepath 指定的目录寻找。如果在 includepath 下没找到该文件则 include 最后才在调用脚本文件所在的目录和当前工作目录下寻找。如果最后仍未找到文件则 include 结构会发出一条警告;这一点和 require 不同,后者会发出一个致命错误。如果定义了路径——不管是绝对路径(在 Windows 下以盘符或者 \ 开头,在 Unix/Linux 下以 / 开头)还是当前目录的相对路径(以 . 或者 .. 开头)——include_path 都会被完全忽略。例如一个文件以 ../ 开头,则解析器会在当前目录的父目录下寻找该文件。

附2:参考文章 《深入理解PHP之require/include顺序》 from Laruence.

其实主要的问题是程序设计的问题:
dirA/a1.php, a2.php
其中a1.php包含了a2.php,代码如下:include 'a2.php';
dirB/b.php
b.php里面要包含dirA/a1.php
,然后a1.php被载入,然后他包含a2.php的代码就出错了。

所以这些框架就只能用绝对路径来了。

我见到的框架 一般是在index.php 定义一个 ROOT: 像这样子: define(ROOT, dirname(FILE));

在内部的话解析路径的话就只要加ROOT就好了,不会像你说的那样直接写绝对路径(你说:为什么PHP的主流框架和CMS都是用绝对路径而不是相对路径? )

另外一个问题, 相对路径也是要解析成绝对路径然后再去读取目录数据, 所以解析的路径都一样的。

最主要的原因是性能,绝对路径速度快。

影响性能的原因主要有两个:

include语句算法,虽然官网提到使用相对路径后,忽略include_path

被包含文件先按参数给出的路径寻找,如果没有给出目录(只有文件名)时则按照 includepath 指定的目录寻找。如果在 includepath 下没找到该文件则 include 最后才在调用脚本文件所在的目录和当前工作目录下寻找。如果最后仍未找到文件则 include 结构会发出一条警告;这一点和 require 不同,后者会发出一个致命错误。

如果定义了路径——不管是绝对路径(在 Windows 下以盘符或者 \ 开头,在 Unix/Linux 下以 / 开头)还是当前目录的相对路径(以 . 或者 .. 开头)——include_path 都会被完全忽略。例如一个文件以 ../ 开头,则解析器会在当前目录的父目录下寻找该文件。

php5.2之前我测试过还是会受include_path影响,最新版本不清楚。

apc等缓存绝对路径。如果使用相对路径,也要转成绝对路径做hash。使用绝对路径省了这层转换。

用绝对路径,可以减少花在解决OS路径的时间

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