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Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial MySQL实现计数器如何在高并发场景下更新并保持数据正确性

MySQL实现计数器如何在高并发场景下更新并保持数据正确性

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:49 PM
mysql php concurrent performance High concurrency

一张表 两个字段 一个id 一个useCount
表里存了100个id 每个id对应自己的useCount
业务场景是:当id每使用一次 useCount要加1。 当useCount大于1000时 这个id就不能在被使用了(换句话说 无法从数据库中查出)

在高并发情况下,会遇到一种问题: 假设数据表中有一条记录为 id=123456; useCount=999
a与b两个连接并发查询这个id 123456 都执行下列sql:

select * from table where id=123456 and useCount < 1000
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a先执行 得到id 123456的useCount是999 之后在程序里做了一些逻辑判断或业务操作后执行sql: update useCount + 1
在a做判断且没有update之前 b也执行了查询sql 发现useCount是999 之后它也会执行sql: update useCount +1
但是 事实上b不应该取得这个id 因为a已经是第1000个使用者

所以请教一下 在高并发情况下 仅使用数据库 如何完成这一需求?

回复内容:

一张表 两个字段 一个id 一个useCount
表里存了100个id 每个id对应自己的useCount
业务场景是:当id每使用一次 useCount要加1。 当useCount大于1000时 这个id就不能在被使用了(换句话说 无法从数据库中查出)

在高并发情况下,会遇到一种问题: 假设数据表中有一条记录为 id=123456; useCount=999
a与b两个连接并发查询这个id 123456 都执行下列sql:

select * from table where id=123456 and useCount < 1000
Copy after login
Copy after login

a先执行 得到id 123456的useCount是999 之后在程序里做了一些逻辑判断或业务操作后执行sql: update useCount + 1
在a做判断且没有update之前 b也执行了查询sql 发现useCount是999 之后它也会执行sql: update useCount +1
但是 事实上b不应该取得这个id 因为a已经是第1000个使用者

所以请教一下 在高并发情况下 仅使用数据库 如何完成这一需求?

典型的并发问题。建议用乐观锁模式处理,同时兼顾性能。具体步骤如下:

1、添加第3个字段version, int类型,default值为0。version值每次update时作加1处理。

<code>ALTER TABLE test_tb ADD COLUMN version INT DEFAULT '0' NOT NULL AFTER useCount;  
</code>
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2、select时同时获取version值(例如为3)

<code>SELECT useCount, VERSION FROM test_tb WHERE id=123456 AND useCount < 1000
</code>
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3、update时检查version值是否为第2步获取到的值

<code>UPDATE test_tb SET VERSION=4, useCount=useCount+1 WHERE id=123456 AND VERSION=3
</code>
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如果update的记录数为1,则表示成功;
如果update的记录数为0,则表示已经被其他应用(线程)update过了,需作异常处理

注:以上思路参考自JavaEE的JPA乐观锁@version处理机制。 这里有一个参考http://www.blogjava.net/sway/archive/2008/10/10/233569.html

对于你现在的使用方式,userCount就类似于version,有些类似乐观锁的方式。

只是你要严格控制userCount的更新,那就加行锁呗!

<code>select * from table where id=123456 and useCount < 1000 for update;
</code>
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update table set userCount = userCount + 1 where userCount = userCount and userCount InnoDB环境下为了不锁表,userCount还需要建索引。

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