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mysql实体间的关系分为几种

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:50 PM
mysql php sql

mysql实体间的关系分为几种

mysql实体间的关系分为几种?

将实体与实体的关系,反应到最终数据库表的设计上,将关系分为三种:一对一,一对多(多对一)和多对多,所有的关系都是表与表之间的关系;

一对一

一对一:一张表的一条记录只能与另外一条记录进行对应,反之亦然

学生表:姓名,性别,年龄,体重,身高,婚姻状况,籍贯,家庭地址,紧急联系人

Id(P) 姓名 性别 年龄 身高 婚姻状况 籍贯 家庭地址 紧急联系人 体重

表设计成以上这种形式:符合要求,其中姓名,性别,年龄,身高体重属于常用数据,

但是婚姻籍贯住址联系人属于不常用的数据,如果每次查询所有数据,不常用的数据就会影响效率,实际又不用

解决方案:将常用和不常用的信息分离存储,分成两张表

常用信息表:

Id(P) 姓名 性别 年龄 身高 体重

不常用信息表:

保证不常用信息与常用信息一定能够对应上:找一个具有唯一性(确定记录)的字段来共同连接两张表

婚姻 籍贯 住址 联系人 Id(p)

一个常用表中的一条记录,永远只能在一张不常用表匹配一条记录,反过来一个不常用表中的一条记录在常用表中也只能匹配一条记录,一对一的关系。

一对多

一对多:一张表中的一条记录可以对应另外一张表中的多条记录,

但是返过来,另外一张表中的一条记录只能对应第一张表的一条记录,这种关系就是一对多或者多对一的关系

母亲与孩子的关系:母亲与孩子两个实体

母亲表

Id(P) 名字 年龄 性别

孩子表

Id(P) 名字 年龄 性别 妈妈Id(P)

妈妈表主键

以上关系,一个妈妈可以在孩子表中找到多条记录,或者一条,但是一个孩子只能一个妈妈,是一种典型的一对多的关系

但是以上设计解决了实体设计表问题,但是没有解决关系问题,孩子找不出妈妈,妈妈也找不到孩子。

解决方案:在某一张表中增加一个字段,能够找到另一张表中的记录;应该在孩子表中增加一个字段指向妈妈表;因为孩子表的记录只能匹配到一条妈妈表的记录

 

多对多

一对表中(A)的一条记录能够对应另外一张表(B)中的多条记录;同时B表中的一条记录

也能对应A表中的多条记录

老师和学生

老师表 T_ID(P),姓名,性别

学生表 S_ID(P),姓名,性别

以上设计方案:实现了实体的设计,但是没有维护实体的关系

一个老师教过多个学生,一个学生也被多个老师教过

解决方案:增加一张中间关系表

老师与学生的关系表:ID(P),T_ID,S_ID

老师表与中间表形成一对多的关系,而中间表是多表;维护了能够唯一找到一表的关系;

同样的学生表与中间表也是一个一对多的关系;

学生找老师:找出学生ID--->中间表寻找匹配记录(多条)--->老师表匹配(一条)

老师找学生:找出老师ID--->中间表寻找匹配记录(多条)--->学生表匹配(一条)

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