Table of Contents
回复内容:
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial http - php的curl如何使用head协议来获取资源的大小等信息

http - php的curl如何使用head协议来获取资源的大小等信息

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:51 PM
curl http php

我的程序里允许用户填写网址从其它网站抓取资源,但是在抓取之前我要知道资源的大小,要不然资源太大耗时太长也会占用不必要的带宽。我查到了http里面有HEAD这个协议,就是只获取一个资源的http头部信息,那么在curl里怎么只获取http的头而不下载全部body呢?

还有content-length是所有的http头部信息里必须都有的吗,因为我只有这个办法来获取资源大小了。如果没有这个信息,我想用一个替代方法,就是设置curl下载资源的最大长度,如果超过了就中断连接,然后报错。在curl有达到此类效果的选项吗?

最后问一点,各大服务器对HEAD协议支持情况如何呢?

回复内容:

我的程序里允许用户填写网址从其它网站抓取资源,但是在抓取之前我要知道资源的大小,要不然资源太大耗时太长也会占用不必要的带宽。我查到了http里面有HEAD这个协议,就是只获取一个资源的http头部信息,那么在curl里怎么只获取http的头而不下载全部body呢?

还有content-length是所有的http头部信息里必须都有的吗,因为我只有这个办法来获取资源大小了。如果没有这个信息,我想用一个替代方法,就是设置curl下载资源的最大长度,如果超过了就中断连接,然后报错。在curl有达到此类效果的选项吗?

最后问一点,各大服务器对HEAD协议支持情况如何呢?

其实curl里面早就有对HEAD协议的支持

// 只需要在你的代码中加上这样一行,就会自动选择head协议
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, true);
Copy after login

如果你要读取Content-Length,那么只需要在curl_exec

// 读取的header里的Content-Length值
$size = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD);
Copy after login

需要说明的是HEAD协议虽然被大部分服务器支持,但也不是说所有的服务器都支持,有的服务器为了防抓取,在设置中干掉了这个协议。而Content-Length也不是必须的字段,你应该做到如果有这个值,而且超过了最大值,可以返回错误,如果没有这个值,或者没有超过最大值,就必须自己通过已经下载的内容大小来判断。

至于你说的最大资源下载长度,我还没看到这个设置项,不过这个问题有一个更加美好的解决方案,那就是用到CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTIONCURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION两个回调,那么就只需要一次请求即可完成所有的判断,而且可以随时断掉

$size = 0;
$max_size = 123456;

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, function ($ch, $str) {
	// 第一个参数是curl资源,第二个参数是每一行独立的header!
    list ($name, $value) = array_map('trim', explode(':', $str, 2));
    $name = strtolower($name);
    
    // 判断大小啦
    if ('content-length' == $name) {
    	if ($value > $max_size) {
        	return 0;	// 返回0就会中断读取
        }
    }
});

// 对于没有content-length的,我们一边读取一边判断
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, function ($ch, $str) use (&$size) {
	$len = strlen($str);
    $size += $len;
    
    if ($size > $max_size) {
    	return 0;	// 中断读取
    }
    
    return $len;
});
Copy after login

为什么要用curl呢?直接用fsockopen往那边发一个head请求就行了。

不过head请求不一定会返回资源的大小,这个似乎不是可以保证的。

curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
Copy after login

curl_exec返回的结果中也就包含了HTTP response header,其中抽取 Content-Length 值就可以了

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Length: 26395
Copy after login

这个长度值不可靠,服务器后端脚本可以任意修改该值。

设置最大抓取大小不就行了。远程服务器并不可信,给出的Content-Length并不一定是真实大小。为了防止被滥用,你也得去加上大小限制。

同时你可以做一个额外判断,比如说某个域名经常返回Content-Length与实际不一致的内容,就给它一个比较低的reputation。用户如果提交reputation低的域名的资源抓取需求,可以延迟或低优先级处理。

加上最大执行时间控制就好了吧,Curl是可以控制超时时间的。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian PHP 8.4 Installation and Upgrade guide for Ubuntu and Debian Dec 24, 2024 pm 04:42 PM

PHP 8.4 brings several new features, security improvements, and performance improvements with healthy amounts of feature deprecations and removals. This guide explains how to install PHP 8.4 or upgrade to PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu, Debian, or their derivati

How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development How To Set Up Visual Studio Code (VS Code) for PHP Development Dec 20, 2024 am 11:31 AM

Visual Studio Code, also known as VS Code, is a free source code editor — or integrated development environment (IDE) — available for all major operating systems. With a large collection of extensions for many programming languages, VS Code can be c

7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before 7 PHP Functions I Regret I Didn't Know Before Nov 13, 2024 am 09:42 AM

If you are an experienced PHP developer, you might have the feeling that you’ve been there and done that already.You have developed a significant number of applications, debugged millions of lines of code, and tweaked a bunch of scripts to achieve op

How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? How do you parse and process HTML/XML in PHP? Feb 07, 2025 am 11:57 AM

This tutorial demonstrates how to efficiently process XML documents using PHP. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a versatile text-based markup language designed for both human readability and machine parsing. It's commonly used for data storage an

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String PHP Program to Count Vowels in a String Feb 07, 2025 pm 12:12 PM

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Explain late static binding in PHP (static::). Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? What are PHP magic methods (__construct, __destruct, __call, __get, __set, etc.) and provide use cases? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:03 AM

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

See all articles