什么是数据库连接数?与优化
您在购买RDS实例时所选择的内存大小决定了该实例的最大连接数。
在RDS管理控制台对应实例的基本信息中可看到该实例所支持的最大连接数。
当RDS实例的连接数量超过该实例的最大连接数时,将无法创建新的连接,
此时将会影响您业务的正常进行。
MySQL的连接通常是一个请求占用一个连接,如果该请求(update,insert,delete,select等)
长时间没有执行完毕,则会造成连接的堆积,迅速的消耗完RDS实例的连接数。
连接数过多的优化方法
排查连接数过多的方法
当用户收到链接数告警时,意味着连接数即将达到该实例的上限。如果实例的连接数超过了实例规定的连接数,将无法创建新的连接,这个时候会影响用户的业务;
Mysql 的连接通常是一个请求占用一个连接,如果该请求(update,insert,delete,select)长时间没有执行完毕,则会造成连接的堆积,迅速的消耗完数据库的连接数,这个时候技术支持人员就要登录数据库进行排序,看看到底是那些sql 占用了连接;
问题排查步骤:
1 、查看实例配置:
可登录RDS控制台“详情与配置”查看实例额定链接数,我们假设最高支持1500个链接
2、 查看当前的连接数:
1)可登录RDS控制台“性能监控”查看实例当前链接数。
2)或者登录数据库查询当前连接,可以使用同步帐号或者用户的业务帐号登录数据库,执行show processlist;
[root@r41d05036.xy2.aliyun.com ~]# mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3020 -e "show processlist"|wc -l
1262
可以看到该实例已经有1262 个连接
3、排查是什么动作占用了这些连接:
[root@r41d05036.xy2.aliyun.com ~]# myql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3018 -e "show full processlist">/tmp/1.log
root@r14d11038.dg.aliyun.com # more /tmp/1.log
615083 my_db 223.4.49.212:54115 my_db Query 100 Sending data
INSERT INTO tmp_orders_modify (oid, tid, seller_id, `status`, gmt_create, gmt_modified)
SELECT oid, tid, seller_id, `status`, gmt_create, gmt_modified
FROM sys_info.orders WHERE
gmt_modified
D gmt_modified >= NAME_CONST('v_curr',_binary'2012-12-24 10:32:00' COLLATE 'binary')
621564 my_db 223.4.49.212:46596 my_db Query 3890 sorting result
insert into tmp_trades(sid, d, h, tc, tm, tp, ic, new_tp, old_tp)
select a.seller_id as sid,
…………..
from orders_1 as a where seller_id =1 and is_detail = '1'
and created
and gmt_create
and gmt_create >= date_format('2012-12-24 10:35:00', '%Y-%m-%d%H:%i:00')
group by d, h
order by d
……………….此处省略其他sql
4、分析连接占用的原因:
可以看到数据库中有长时间没有执行完成的sql,一直占用着连接没有释放,而应用的请求一直持续不断的涌入数据库,这个时候数据库的连接很快就被使用完;所以这个时候需要排查为什么这些sql 为什么长时间没有执行完毕,是索引没有创建好,还是sql执行耗时严重。
第一条sql:
INSERT INTO tmp_orders_modify (oid, tid, seller_id, `status`, gmt_create, gmt_modified)
SELECT oid, tid, seller_id, `status`, gmt_create, gmt_modified
FROM sys_info.orders WHERE
gmt_modified
D gmt_modified >= NAME_CONST('v_curr',_binary'2012-12-24 10:32:00' COLLATE 'binary')
是用户从sys_info 数据库中拉取订单到自己的业务库中那个,但是在orders 表上没有gmt_modified 的索引,导致了全表扫描;(更加详尽的排查方法可以参考:为什么我的RDS慢了);
第二条sql:
看到这条sql 正在进行sorting 排序,为什么导致sql 长时间sorting,通常情况下为排序的结果集太大导致排序不能在内存中完成,需要到磁盘上排序,进而导致了性能的下降;解决的办法就是降低排序的结果集,常用的手段是利用索引的有序性,消除排序,或者建立适当的索引减小结果集;我们可以看到第二条sql 的排序字段非常的复杂,但是我们可以看到查询的时间范围是很短,只有5 分钟的时间间隔,这个时候就可以在gmt_create上创建一个索引,过滤掉大部分的记录:
Alter tale order_1 add index ind_order_gmt_create(gmt_create);
(该用户对orders 进行了分表,大概有50 多张分表需要添加gmt_create 字段的索引);
5、经过上面两步的优化后,用户实例恢复正常:io 情况和connection 情况,可再次登陆RDS控制台查看连接数。
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