几个必备的PHP功能开发
几个必备的PHP功能开发 很实用的,可以添加到框架中!
1、传递任意数量的函数参数
在.NET或者JAVA编程中,一般函数参数个数都是固定的,但是PHP允许你使用任意个数的参数。下面这个示例向你展示了PHP函数的默认参数:
view sourceprint?
01.
// 两个默认参数的函数
02.
function foo($arg1 = ”, $arg2 = ”) {
03.
echo “arg1: $arg1\n”;
04.
echo “arg2: $arg2\n”;
05.
}
06.
foo(‘hello’,'world’);
07.
/* 输出:
08.
arg1: hello
09.
arg2: world
10.
*/
11.
foo();
12.
/* 输出:
13.
arg1:
14.
arg2:
15.
*/
16.
下面这个示例是PHP的不定参数用法,其使用到了 func_get_args()方法:
17.
// 是的,形参列表为空
18.
function foo() {
19.
// 取得所有的传入参数的数组
20.
$args = func_get_args();
21.
foreach ($args as $k => $v) {
22.
echo “arg”.($k+1).”: $v\n”;
23.
}
24.
}
25.
foo();
26.
/* 什么也不会输出 */
27.
foo(‘hello’);
28.
/* 输出
29.
arg1: hello
30.
*/
31.
foo(‘hello’, ‘world’, ‘again’);
32.
/* 输出
33.
arg1: hello
34.
arg2: world
35.
arg3: again
36.
*/
2、使用glob()查找文件
大部分PHP函数的函数名从字面上都可以理解其用途,但是当你看到 glob() 的时候,你也许并不知道这是用来做什么的,其实glob()和scandir() 一样,可以用来查找文件,请看下面的用法:
view sourceprint?
01.
// 取得所有的后缀为PHP的文件
02.
$files = glob(‘*.php’);
03.
print_r($files);
04.
/* 输出:
05.
Array
06.
(
07.
[0] => phptest.php
08.
[1] => pi.php
09.
[2] => post_output.php
10.
[3] => test.php
11.
)
12.
*/
你还可以查找多种后缀名:
view sourceprint?
01.
// 取PHP文件和TXT文件
02.
$files = glob(‘*.{php,txt}’, GLOB_BRACE);
03.
print_r($files);
04.
/* 输出:
05.
Array
06.
(
07.
[0] => phptest.php
08.
[1] => pi.php
09.
[2] => post_output.php
10.
[3] => test.php
11.
[4] => log.txt
12.
[5] => test.txt
13.
)
14.
*/
你还可以加上路径:
view sourceprint?
01.
$files = glob(‘../images/a*.jpg’);
02.
print_r($files);
03.
/* 输出:
04.
Array
05.
(
06.
[0] => ../images/apple.jpg
07.
[1] => ../images/art.jpg
08.
)
09.
*/
如果你想得到绝对路径,你可以调用 realpath() 函数:
view sourceprint?
01.
$files = glob(‘../images/a*.jpg’);
02.
// applies the function to each array element
03.
$files = array_map(‘realpath’,$files);
04.
print_r($files);
05.
/* output looks like:
06.
Array
07.
(
08.
[0] => C:\wamp\www\images\apple.jpg
09.
[1] => C:\wamp\www\images\art.jpg
10.
)
11.
*/
3、获取内存使用情况信息
PHP的内存回收机制已经非常强大,你也可以使用PHP脚本获取当前内存的使用情况,调用memory_get_usage() 函数获取当期内存使用情况,调用memory_get_peak_usage() 函数获取内存使用的峰值。参考代码如下:
view sourceprint?
01.
echo “Initial: “.memory_get_usage().” bytes \n”;
02.
/* 输出
03.
Initial: 361400 bytes
04.
*/
05.
// 使用内存
06.
for ($i = 0; $i
07.
$array []= md5($i);
08.
}
09.
// 删除一半的内存
10.
for ($i = 0; $i
11.
unset($array[$i]);
12.
}
13.
echo “Final: “.memory_get_usage().” bytes \n”;
14.
/* prints
15.
Final: 885912 bytes
16.
*/
17.
echo “Peak: “.memory_get_peak_usage().” bytes \n”;
18.
/* 输出峰值
19.
Peak: 13687072 bytes
20.
*/
4、获取CPU使用情况信息
获取了内存使用情况,也可以使用PHP的 getrusage()获取CPU使用情况,该方法在windows下不可用。
view sourceprint?
01.
print_r(getrusage());
02.
/* 输出
03.
Array
04.
(
05.
[ru_oublock] => 0
06.
[ru_inblock] => 0
07.
[ru_msgsnd] => 2
08.
[ru_msgrcv] => 3
09.
[ru_maxrss] => 12692
10.
[ru_ixrss] => 764
11.
[ru_idrss] => 3864
12.
[ru_minflt] => 94
13.
[ru_majflt] => 0
14.
[ru_nsignals] => 1
15.
[ru_nvcsw] => 67
16.
[ru_nivcsw] => 4
17.
[ru_nswap] => 0
18.
[ru_utime.tv_usec] => 0
19.
[ru_utime.tv_sec] => 0
20.
[ru_stime.tv_usec] => 6269
21.
[ru_stime.tv_sec] => 0
22.
)
23.
*/
这个结构看上出很晦涩,除非你对CPU很了解。下面一些解释:
ru_oublock: 块输出操作
ru_inblock: 块输入操作
ru_msgsnd: 发送的message
ru_msgrcv: 收到的message
ru_maxrss: 最大驻留集大小
ru_ixrss: 全部共享内存大小
ru_idrss:全部非共享内存大小
ru_minflt: 页回收
ru_majflt: 页失效
ru_nsignals: 收到的信号
ru_nvcsw: 主动上下文切换
ru_nivcsw: 被动上下文切换
ru_nswap: 交换区
ru_utime.tv_usec: 用户态时间 (microseconds)
ru_utime.tv_sec: 用户态时间(seconds)
ru_stime.tv_usec: 系统内核时间 (microseconds)
ru_stime.tv_sec: 系统内核时间?(seconds)
要看到你的脚本消耗了多少CPU,我们需要看看“用户态的时间”和“系统内核时间”的值。秒和微秒部分是分别提供的,您可以把微秒值除以100万,并把它添加到秒的值后,可以得到有小数部分的秒数。
view sourceprint?
01.
// sleep for 3 seconds (non-busy)
02.
sleep(3);
03.
$data = getrusage();
04.
echo “User time: “.
05.
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
06.
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
07.
echo “System time: “.
08.
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
09.
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
10.
/* 输出
11.
User time: 0.011552
12.
System time: 0
13.
*/
sleep是不占用系统时间的,我们可以来看下面的一个例子:
view sourceprint?
01.
// loop 10 million times (busy)
02.
for($i=0;$i
03.
}
04.
$data = getrusage();
05.
echo “User time: “.
06.
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
07.
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
08.
echo “System time: “.
09.
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
10.
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
11.
/* 输出
12.
User time: 1.424592
13.
System time: 0.004204
14.
*/
这花了大约14秒的CPU时间,几乎所有的都是用户的时间,因为没有系统调用。
系统时间是CPU花费在系统调用上的上执行内核指令的时间。下面是一个例子:
view sourceprint?
01.
$start = microtime(true);
02.
// keep calling microtime for about 3 seconds
03.
while(microtime(true) – $start
04.
}
05.
$data = getrusage();
06.
echo “User time: “.
07.
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +
08.
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
09.
echo “System time: “.
10.
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +
11.
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);
12.
/* prints
13.
User time: 1.088171
14.
System time: 1.675315
15.
*/
我们可以看到上面这个例子更耗CPU。
5、获取系统常量
PHP 提供非常有用的系统常量 可以让你得到当前的行号 (__LINE__),文件 (__FILE__),目录 (__DIR__),函数名 (__FUNCTION__),类名(__CLASS__),方法名(__METHOD__) 和名字空间 (__NAMESPACE__),很像C语言。
我们可以以为这些东西主要是用于调试,当也不一定,比如我们可以在include其它文件的时候使用?__FILE__ (当然,你也可以在 PHP 5.3以后使用 __DIR__ ),下面是一个例子。
view sourceprint?
1.
// this is relative to the loaded script’s path
2.
// it may cause problems when running scripts from different directories
3.
require_once(‘config/database.php’);
4.
// this is always relative to this file’s path
5.
// no matter where it was included from
6.
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . ‘/config/database.php’);
下面是使用 __LINE__ 来输出一些debug的信息,这样有助于你调试程序:
view sourceprint?
01.
// some code
02.
// …
03.
my_debug(“some debug message”, __LINE__);
04.
/* 输出
05.
Line 4: some debug message
06.
*/
07.
// some more code
08.
// …
09.
my_debug(“another debug message”, __LINE__);
10.
/* 输出
11.
Line 11: another debug message
12.
*/
13.
function my_debug($msg, $line) {
14.
echo “Line $line: $msg\n”;
15.
}
6、生成唯一的id
很多朋友都利用md5()来生成唯一的编号,但是md5()有几个缺点:1、无序,导致数据库中排序性能下降。2、太长,需要更多的存储空间。其实PHP中自带一个函数来生成唯一的id,这个函数就是uniqid()。下面是用法:
view sourceprint?
01.
// generate unique string
02.
echo uniqid();
03.
/* 输出
04.
4bd67c947233e
05.
*/
06.
// generate another unique string
07.
echo uniqid();
08.
/* 输出
09.
4bd67c9472340
10.
*/
该算法是根据CPU时间戳来生成的,所以在相近的时间段内,id前几位是一样的,这也方便id的排序,如果你想更好的避免重复,可以在id前加上前缀,如:
view sourceprint?
01.
// 前缀
02.
echo uniqid(‘foo_’);
03.
/* 输出
04.
foo_4bd67d6cd8b8f
05.
*/
06.
// 有更多的熵
07.
echo uniqid(”,true);
08.
/* 输出
09.
4bd67d6cd8b926.12135106
10.
*/
11.
// 都有
12.
echo uniqid(‘bar_’,true);
13.
/* 输出
14.
bar_4bd67da367b650.43684647
15.
*/
7、序列化
PHP序列化功能大家可能用的比较多,也比较常见,当你需要把数据存到数据库或者文件中是,你可以利用PHP中的serialize() 和 unserialize()方法来实现序列化和反序列化,代码如下:
view sourceprint?
01.
// 一个复杂的数组
02.
$myvar = array(
03.
‘hello’,
04.
42,
05.
array(1,’two’),
06.
‘apple’
07.
);
08.
// 序列化
09.
$string = serialize($myvar);
10.
echo $string;
11.
/* 输出
12.
a:4:{i:0;s:5:”hello”;i:1;i:42;i:2;a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;s:3:”two”;}i:3;s:5:”apple”;}
13.
*/
14.
// 反序例化
15.
$newvar = unserialize($string);
16.
print_r($newvar);
17.
/* 输出
18.
Array
19.
(
20.
[0] => hello
21.
[1] => 42
22.
[2] => Array
23.
(
24.
[0] => 1
25.
[1] => two
26.
)
27.
[3] => apple
28.
)
29.
*/
如何序列化成json格式呢,放心,php也已经为你做好了,使用php 5.2以上版本的用户可以使用json_encode() 和 json_decode() 函数来实现json格式的序列化,代码如下:
view sourceprint?
01.
// a complex array
02.
$myvar = array(
03.
‘hello’,
04.
42,
05.
array(1,’two’),
06.
‘apple’
07.
);
08.
// convert to a string
09.
$string = json_encode($myvar);
10.
echo $string;
11.
/* prints
12.
["hello",42,[1,"two"],”apple”]
13.
*/
14.
// you can reproduce the original variable
15.
$newvar = json_decode($string);
16.
print_r($newvar);
17.
/* prints
18.
Array
19.
(
20.
[0] => hello
21.
[1] => 42
22.
[2] => Array
23.
(
24.
[0] => 1
25.
[1] => two
26.
)
27.
[3] => apple
28.
)
29.
*/
8、字符串压缩
当我们说到压缩,我们可能会想到文件压缩,其实,字符串也是可以压缩的。PHP提供了 gzcompress() 和gzuncompress() 函数:
view sourceprint?
01.
$string =
02.
“Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
03.
adipiscing elit. Nunc ut elit id mi ultricies
04.
adipiscing. Nulla facilisi. Praesent pulvinar,
05.
sapien vel feugiat vestibulum, nulla dui pretium orci,
06.
non ultricies elit lacus quis ante. Lorem ipsum dolor
07.
sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam
08.
pretium ullamcorper urna quis iaculis. Etiam ac massa
09.
sed turpis tempor luctus. Curabitur sed nibh eu elit
10.
mollis congue. Praesent ipsum diam, consectetur vitae
11.
ornare a, aliquam a nunc. In id magna pellentesque
12.
tellus posuere adipiscing. Sed non mi metus, at lacinia
13.
augue. Sed magna nisi, ornare in mollis in, mollis
14.
sed nunc. Etiam at justo in leo congue mollis.
15.
Nullam in neque eget metus hendrerit scelerisque
16.
eu non enim. Ut malesuada lacus eu nulla bibendum
17.
id euismod urna sodales. “;
18.
$compressed = gzcompress($string);
19.
echo “Original size: “. strlen($string).”\n”;
20.
/* 输出原始大小
21.
Original size: 800
22.
*/
23.
echo “Compressed size: “. strlen($compressed).”\n”;
24.
/* 输出压缩后的大小
25.
Compressed size: 418
26.
*/
27.
// 解压缩
28.
$original = gzuncompress($compressed);
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