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SQL Server数据库操作

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:49 PM
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通过SQL Server建库语句等,采用纯代码方式创建数据库,创建数据表,以及进行相应数据库操作,包括检索,插入,删除,修改。 以下通过一个例题说明数据库操作。 某仓储超市采用POS(PointofSale)收银机负责前台的销售收款,为及时掌握销售信息,并依此指导

 通过SQL Server建库语句等,采用纯代码方式创建数据库,创建数据表,以及进行相应数据库操作,包括检索,插入,删除,修改。


以下通过一个例题说明数据库操作。

某仓储超市采用POS(Point of Sale)收银机负责前台的销售收款,为及时掌握销售信息,并依此指导进货,拟建立商品进、销、存数据库信息管理系统。经过系统需求分析、概念结构设计和逻辑结构设计,可以简化得到如下一组关系模式(其中     表示主键,    表示外键):

积分卡(用户编号,用户名,累积消费金额,积分点)

销售详单(销售流水号,商品编码,数量,金额,用户编号,收银员,时间)

销售日汇总(日期,商品编码,数量)

存货表(商品编码,数量)

进货表(送货号码,商品编码,数量,日期)

商品(商品编码,商品名称,单价)

请在SQL Server的查询分析器中按要求完成如下各题:

1、 创建名为Supermarket的数据库,数据文件名取为:Supermarket_data.mdf,日志文件名取为:Supermarket_log.ldf。

 

2、 按表1-6要求创建6张数据表,并为每张表设置主键码和外键码(若有的话)。

表1 Integralcard积分卡信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

User_id

char(10)

Not null

用户编号

User_name

varchar(20)

Not null

用户名

Cumulative_consumption

numeric(8,2)

Not null

累计消费金额

Integral_point

numeric(5,0)

Not null

积分点

表2 Salesdetails 销售详单信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

sales_id

char(10)

Not null

销售流水号

commodity_code

char(10)

Not null

商品编码

number

numeric(4,0)

null

数量

amount

numeric(9,2)

null

金额

User_id

char(10)

Not null

用户编号

cashier

varchar(20)

null

收银员

sd_time

datetime

null

时间

表3 Salesdatesummary 销售日汇总信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

sds_date

datetime

Not null

日期

commodity_code

char(10)

Not null

商品编码

number

numeric(4,0)

null

数量

表4 Inventorylist存货信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

commodity_code

char(10)

Not null

商品编码

number

numeric(4,0)

null

数量

表5 Purchasetable进货信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

delivery_number

char(10)

Not null

送货号码

commodity_code

char(10)

Not null

商品编码

number

numeric(4,0)

null

数量

pt_date

datetime

Not null

日期

表6 Commodity商品信息表

列名

数据类型

可否为空

说明

commodity_code

char(10)

Not null

商品编码

commodity_name

varchar(10)

Not null

商品名称

commodity_price

numeric(7,2)

Not null

商品单价

 

3、在建好的6张表中,利用对象资源管理器分别输入和更新若干条记录,要求主键码不能为空和重复,外键码只能取另一张表的主键码之一。

 

4、针对该数据库的6张表,完成如下10个查询请求:

1)查询用户编号为’yh23001011’的用户的用户名、累积消费金额和积分点;

 

2)查询’张三’用户所购的全部商品的商品编码、商品名称、单价、数量和金额;

 

(3)查询2016年4月各类商品销售数量的排行榜,要求显示商品编号、商品名称和数量(按降序排列);

 

(4)根据销售详单中的销售流水号’xs80020001’和商品编码’sp03004561’,对存货表中的数量进行更新;

 

5根据进货表中的送货号码’sh00012288’和商品编码’sp03006677’, 对存货表中的数量进行更新;

 

(6)统计2016年4月中每一天的销售金额,要求显示日期、销售金额(按降序排列)。

 

5、针对该数据库的6张表,定义如下2个视图:

(1)定义一个商品存货的视图Commodity_Inventorylist,属性包括商品编码、商品名称、单价和数量;

 

(2)定义一个用户购买商品的详细清单User_Purchase_Details, 属性包括用户编号、用户名、商品编码、商品名称、单价和数量。


SQL Server 2008 R2上实现过程如下:


--创建数据库
--创建名为Supermarket的数据库,数据文件名取为:Supermarket_data.mdf,日志文件名取为:Supermarket_log.ldf。
USE master--使用系统
GO
CREATE DATABASE Supermarket --创建数据库

ON PRIMARY	--主文件
(
	NAME='Supermarket_data', --文件名
	FILENAME='D:\SQLProject\Supermarket_data.mdf',--路径
	SIZE=5MB,--初始大小
	MAXSIZE=100MB,--最大容量
	FILEGROWTH=10%--增长速度
)

LOG ON--日志文件
(
	NAME='Supermarket_log',
	FILENAME='D:\SQLProject\Supermarket_log.ldf',
	SIZE=5MB,
	FILEGROWTH=0
)
GO

--创建你数据库表
--模式(其中     表示主键,    表示外键):
--积分卡(用户编号,用户名,累积消费金额,积分点)
--销售详单(销售流水号,商品编码,数量,金额,用户编号,收银员,时间)
--销售日汇总(日期,商品编码,数量)
--存货表(商品编码,数量)
--进货表(送货号码,商品编码,数量,日期)
--商品(商品编码,商品名称,单价)
use Supermarket
go

--积分卡(用户编号,用户名,累积消费金额,积分点)
create table Integralcard
(
	User_id char(10) primary key not null,
	User_name varchar(20) not null,
	Cumulative_consumption numeric(8,2) not null,
	Integral_point numeric(5,0) not null
)
go

--销售详单(销售流水号,商品编码,数量,金额,用户编号,收银员,时间)
use Supermarket
go

create table Salesdetails
(
	sales_id char(10) not null,
	commodity_code char(10) not null foreign key(commodity_code) references Commodity(commodity_code)
	on delete cascade,
	number numeric(4,0) null,
	amount numeric(9,2) null,
	User_id char(10) not null foreign key(User_id) references Integralcard(User_id)
	on delete cascade,
	cashier varchar(20) null,
	sd_time datetime null
)
go
--外键
ALTER TABLE Salesdetails
ADD CONSTRAINT Salesdetails_KEY PRIMARY KEY(sales_id,commodity_code,User_id)
Go
--销售日汇总(日期,商品编码,数量)
use Supermarket
go

create table Salesdatesummary
(
	sds_date datetime not null,
	commodity_code char(10) not null  foreign key(commodity_code) references Commodity(commodity_code)
	on delete cascade,
	number numeric(4,0) null
)
go

ALTER TABLE Salesdatesummary
ADD CONSTRAINT Salesdatesummary_KEY PRIMARY KEY(commodity_code)
Go
--存货表(商品编码,数量)
use Supermarket
go

create table Inventorylist
(
	commodity_code char(10) not null foreign key(commodity_code) references Commodity(commodity_code)
	on delete cascade,
	number numeric(4,0) null
)
go
ALTER TABLE Inventorylist
ADD CONSTRAINT Inventorylist_KEY PRIMARY KEY(commodity_code)
Go

--进货表(送货号码,商品编码,数量,日期)
use Supermarket
go

create table Purchasetable
(
	delivery_number char(10) not null,
	commodity_code char(10) not null foreign key(commodity_code) references Commodity(commodity_code)
	on delete cascade,
	number numeric(4,0) null,
	pt_date datetime not null
)
go
--外键
ALTER TABLE Purchasetable
ADD CONSTRAINT Purchasetable_KEY PRIMARY KEY(delivery_number,commodity_code)
Go


--商品(商品编码,商品名称,单价)
use Supermarket
go

create table Commodity
(
	commodity_code char(10) primary key not null,
	commodity_name varchar(10) not null,
	commodity_price numeric(7,2) not null
)
go

-----------------------------------------------
--查询用户编号为’yh23001011’的用户的用户名、累积消费金额和积分点
use Supermarket
select User_name as 姓名,Cumulative_consumption as 累计消费金额,Integral_point as 积分点 from Integralcard
where User_id='yh23001011'
go


--查询’张三’用户所购的全部商品的商品编码、商品名称、单价、数量和金额;
use Supermarket
select com.commodity_code,com.commodity_name,com.commodity_price,sal.number,sal.amount
 from Commodity com,Salesdetails sal,Integralcard ca
where com.commodity_code=sal.commodity_code and sal.User_id=ca.User_id and ca.User_name='张三'
go

--查询2016年4月各类商品销售数量的排行榜,要求显示商品编号、商品名称和数量(按降序排列)
use Supermarket
select com.commodity_code,com.commodity_name,sal.number,sal.sd_time
from Commodity com,Salesdetails sal
where com.commodity_code=sal.commodity_code and sal.sd_time between '2016-04-01' and '2016-04-30' 
order by sal.number desc
go


--查看结果
use Supermarket
select number from Inventorylist
where Inventorylist.commodity_code='sp03004561'
go
--根据销售详单中的销售流水号’xs80020001’和商品编码’sp03004561’,对存货表中的数量进行更新
use Supermarket
update Inventorylist
set number= number - (select sal.number from Salesdetails sal
where sal.sales_id='xs80020001' and sal.commodity_code='sp03004561')
go
--查看更新结果
use Supermarket
select number from Inventorylist
where Inventorylist.commodity_code='sp03004561'
go


--查看结果
use Supermarket
select number from Inventorylist
where Inventorylist.commodity_code='sp03006677'
go
--根据进货表中的送货号码’sh00012288’和商品编码’sp03006677’, 对存货表中的数量进行更新
use Supermarket
update Inventorylist
set Inventorylist.number=Inventorylist.number +(select pur.number from Purchasetable pur
where pur.delivery_number='sh00012288' and pur.commodity_code='sp03006677')
go
--查看更新结果
use Supermarket
select number from Inventorylist
where commodity_code='sp03006677'
go

--统计2016年4月中每一天的销售金额,要求显示日期、销售金额(按降序排列)
use Supermarket
select sal.sds_date,salemoney=com.commodity_price*sal.number
from Commodity com,Salesdatesummary sal
where com.commodity_code=sal.commodity_code and sal.sds_date>='2016-04-01' and sal.sds_date
<p><span style="font-size:18px"><br>
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="color:#ff6600">数据库实现截图:</span></span></p>
<br>
<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160519185100347?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/SouthEast" class="lazy" alt=""><br>
<p><span style="font-size:18px"><br>
</span></p>
   








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