[置顶] 大数据与市场营销
1大数据定义: 大数据还没有一个统一的定义。麦肯锡(美国首屈一指的咨询公司)是研究大数据的先驱。在其报告《Big data: The nextfrontier for innovation, competition,and productivity》中给出的大数据定义是:大数据指的是大小超出常规的数据库工具获
1大数据定义:
<code>大数据还没有一个统一的定义。麦肯锡(美国首屈一指的咨询公司)是研究大数据的先驱。在其报告《Big data: The nextfrontier for innovation, competition,and productivity》中给出的大数据定义是:大数据指的是大小超出常规的数据库工具获取、存储、管理和分析能力的数据集。但它同时强调,并不是说一定要超过特定TB 值的数据集才能算是大数据。亚马逊(全球最大的电子商务公司)的大数据科学家John Rauser 给出了一个简单的定义:大数据是任何超过了一台计算机处理能力的数据量。罗爱宝给出大数据有以下特性:①数据量大:通常达到TB级的数据。②数据类型的复杂:字符数据、文本数据、多媒体数据。③多模态数据:对于同一个事物,可以通过不同的方式和角度收集到,如多模态的视频数据,包括字幕、声音、图像,因此对这样数据的获取、存储、处理与分析需要更高的技术和硬件支持。 </code>
2大数据营销势在必行(时代在变):
<code>在数字时代,人们的生活方式和思考方式已经发生了变化,同样人们的消费观念也发生了变化。它赋予消费者更广阔的视野,同时也提高了消费者的自主意识--互联网使得很多信息都公开化,消费者不仅了解产品的具体信息还能搜索出使用评论。在这种世道的情况下,如果企业和厂商对消费者发生的变化置之不理,还是“炮轰式”的传播和灌输,将失去大量的关注人群。 </code>
当前,移动互联网、云计算、物联网等新一代信息技术的 应用使企业信息化,乃至社会信息化空前发展,设备、移动终 端设备加入网络,使蕴藏着巨大社会价值和商业价值的各种数 据,如统计数据、交易数据等正持续不断地从各行业迅速产生。据CSDN对2011年中国云计算的调研显示,超过50%的企业每日生成的数据量在1T以上。 大数据已经成为政府及企业决策、社会管理、医疗保健、 商业营销、产品研发等不可或缺的重要信息基础。尤其是,大 数据应用于营销管理及创新领域,大大帮助了企业发精准地挖 掘顾客需求,极大提升了营销效能。可以说,大数据的使用贯 穿在整个营销过程的始末,对于营销的效果起着至关重要的影 响性作用。
3大数据对营销的影响:
1. 产品定位:
通过获取数据并加以分析来充分了解市场信息,掌握竞品的商情、动态和产品在竞争群中所处的在市场地位。知己知彼方能,百战不殆。
⒉ 市场评估
<code> 区域人口、消费者水平、消费者习惯和爱好、产品的认知程度 市场的供求状况。 </code>
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用户画像
<code>通过积累和挖掘行业用户档案数据、分析消费者行为和价值取 向,便于更好地为用户服务和发展忠诚度。 </code>
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预测与优化
<code>通过市场需求预测来制定和更新产品服务功能价格,对不同细 细分市场的政策经行优化,最大化各个细分市场的利益。 </code>
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4海量数据引发的企业市场营销变革:
“深刻洞察和理解用户需求”每个企业生存和发展的基础,而要达到“深刻“和理解就离不开对海量用户进行数据的发掘与行为分析。企业市场营销是一个管理决策过程,通过市场调查、细分、定位等建立营销战略组合;通过产品、价格、分销、促销的互相结合,形成企业的战术组合;采用有效措施确保营销计划的执行。而上述活动都建立在对市场信息的获取、处理分析与应用的基础上。海量数据时代,使得企业进行市场营销所依赖的市场信息在数据量、数据结构和数据模态上发生根本性的变化,如何降低营销成本,提高营销效果,就需要企业进行针对性地精确营销,大数据营销不失为一种最好的选择。
海量数据对企业市场营销的影响 海量数据对企业市场营销的影响主要体现在以下几个方面:
- 市场信息的获取
大数据有3个特点(前面已经介绍过),大数据数据不仅数据量大、数据类复杂而且多模态。这导致企业对市场信息很难准确定位和获取,犹如大海捞针。
- 数据存储
对海量数据进行存储成为企业面临的难题,是基于自身购置的硬件设备开发软件来支持还是借助外力?这就涉及到数据的安全性问题。
另一方面,长期以来由于企业内部职能分工、组织架构等原因,导致存在数据孤岛,这导致数据不够全面、精确、营销策略定制失败。
- 数据处理和分析
及时准确地从海量数据中提取信息和知识,为企业提供营销策略支持,是企业各个部门对营销信息系统的要求,这就需要对海量数据进行处理和分析。数据仓库、数据挖掘技术等成为当前的热门技术。而当前对海量数据的处理太多利用机器集群和并行化技术,并出现了高性能计算、网络计算、云计算等方法,这些企业
信息和数据的安全性提出了严峻的挑战,同时,这对企业信息系统的软件提出了更高的要求。此外。企业也可以利用这些数据进行实验,提高产品研发的成功率,如一些基于互联网的企业(如亚马逊、eBay和谷歌)已经开始利用海量数据进行实验,以确定那些因素可以提高销售量和用户的参与度。如何对海量数据的挖掘和分析成为一个永无止境的话题。
5大数据时代市场营销策略新探索
(一)、利用大数据改进企业广告投放策略
广告圈里一句名言:我知道我的广告浪费了一半,但我不知 道浪费了哪一半。当前,越来越多的企业在大数据思维指导下 进行广告投放,广告能通过对人群的定向,投放给准确的目标 顾客,特别是互联网广告现在能够做到根据不同的人向其发布 最适合其的广告,同时谁看了广告,看了多少次广告,都可以 通过数据化的形式来了解、监测,以使得企业更好地评测广告 效果,从而也使得企业的广告投放策略更加有效。
(二)、基于大数据的精准推广策略
没有目标消费者的精准定位,盲目推广,是很多企业开展 营销推广没有效果或者效果甚微的主要原因。大数据时代一个 重要的特点是,能够实时全面地收集、分析消费者的相关信息 数据,从而根据其不同的偏好、兴趣以及购买习惯等特征有针 对性、准确地向他们推销最合适他们的产品或服务。 另一方面,可以通过适时、动态地更新、丰富消费者的数 据信息,并利用数据挖掘等技术及早预测消费者下一步或更深 层次的需求,进而进一步加大推广力度,最终达到极大增加企 业利润的目标。
(三)、规模个性化产品策略的实施
传统市场营销产品策略主要是,同样包装同等质量的产品 卖给所有的该企业客户,或同一个品牌,若干不同包装不同质 量层次的产品卖给若干相对大群客户,这使得很多企业的很多 产品越来越失去对消费者的吸引力,越来越不能满足消费者的 个性化需求。 近年来,随着科技和互联网的发展,社会的生产制造向生 产“智”造转变,同时大数据通过相关性分析,将客户和产品 进行有机串联,对用户的产品偏好,客户的关系偏好进行个性 化定位,进而反馈给企业的品牌、产品研发部门,并推出与消 费者个性相匹配的产品。
(四)、大数据使得营销渠道效能的潜力得以充分挖掘
以前的市场营销的渠道大多采取代理制,或者是购销制, 企业与代理商或经销商之间存在一种利益博弈关系,相互之间 的信息常常是不共享的,也经常会发生利益冲突。在大数据环境下,企业只有与各方合作者一起建立起大数据营销系统平 台,才能集中体现大数据、物联网、云计算、移动电子商务的 优势,从而不断拓展企业营销渠道的外延与内涵。通过营销渠 道各方协调一致增强消费者对产品品牌、服务的良好体验,进 而引发顾客更加强烈的购买欲望,促进客户与企业品牌的亲合 度更加紧密,提升企业的利润空间。
(五)、利用企业大数据集成系统制定科学的价格体系策略
现在,很多企业都构建了基于大数据技术的大数据营销平 台,实现了海量、不同类型的数据的收集,并跨越多种不同的 系统,比如,不同的渠道平台(网络销售平台,以及实体批发、 零售平台);不同的客户需求;不同的细分市场;以及不同的 但可以区隔的市场区域。这样就可以帮助企业迅速搜集消费者 的海量行数据,分析洞察和预测消费者的偏好,消费者价格接 受度;分析各种渠道形式的测试销售数据;以及消费者对企业所规划的各种产品组合的价格段的反应。使之能够利用大数据 技术以了解客户行为和反馈,深刻理解客户的需求、关注客户 行为,进而高效分析信息并做出预测,不断调整产品的功能方 向,验证产品的商业价值,制定科学的价格策略。
总之,企业能够利用海量数据上得到以前没有得到的智慧,能够在数据库影响中想出更新更好的方法,你将获得意想不到的财富。

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