Home Database Mysql Tutorial MYSQL必知必会读书笔记 第十二和十三章 分组数据

MYSQL必知必会读书笔记 第十二和十三章 分组数据

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:50 PM
mysql Group Thirteen Must know data notes read

1.group by 可以包含任意数目的列2.group by 中每个列都必须是检索列或有效的表达式(但不能使聚集函数)3.除聚集函数外, select 语句中的每个列都必须在 group by 子句中出现 4. 如果分组列有 Null , Null 将作为一个分组返回 5. group by 子句必须出现在

<code>1.group by 可以包含任意数目的列
2.group by 中每个列都必须是检索列或有效的表达式(但不能使聚集函数)
3.除聚集函数外,<span class="hljs-operator"><span class="hljs-keyword">select</span>语句中的每个列都必须在<span class="hljs-keyword">group</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span>子句中出现
<span class="hljs-number">4.</span>如果分组列有<span class="hljs-literal">Null</span>&#20540;,<span class="hljs-literal">Null</span>将作为一个分组返回
<span class="hljs-number">5.</span><span class="hljs-keyword">group</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> 子句必须出现在<span class="hljs-keyword">where</span>子句之后, <span class="hljs-keyword">order</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">by</span> 之前

where 和 have 的区别:
where在分组前过滤,having在分组后过滤

SELECT vend_id ,COUNT(*) AS num_prods FROM products GROUP BY vend_id;

<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="https://segmentfault.com/img/bVlQKE"  class="lazy" alt=""   style="max-width:90%">
<strong>
GROUP BY子句指示MySQL分组数据,然后对每个组而不是整个结果集进行聚集。

在使用GROUP BY子句之前,需要知道一些重要的规定:
1. GROUP BY 子句可以包含任意数目的列。这使得能对分组进行嵌套,为数据分组提供更细致的控制。
2.  如果GROUP BY子句中嵌套了分组,数据将最后规定的分组上进行汇总。换句话说,在建立分组时,指定的所有列都一起计算(所以不能从个别的列取回数据)
3. GROUP BY 子句中列出的每个列都必须是检索列或有效的表达式(但不能是聚集函数)。如果在SELECT 中使用表达式,必须在GROUP BY子句中指定相同的表达式。不能使用别名。
4.除聚集计算语句外,SELECT 语句中的每个列都必须在GROUP BY 子句中给出。
5.如果分组列中具有NULL &#20540;,则将NULL作为一个分组返回
6.GROUP BY 子句必须出现在where子句之后。ORDER BY 子句之前。

注意:使用ROLLUP  使用WITH ROLLUP 关键字,可以得到每个分组以及每个分组汇总级别(针对每个分组)的&#20540;。

SELECT vend_id ,COUNT(*) AS num_prods FROM products  GROUPS BY vend_id WITH ROLLUP;

二 :过滤分组
我们已经看到了WHERE 子句的作用,但是这个例子中WHERE 不能完成任务。因为WHERE过滤指定的行而不是分组。事实上WHERE 没有分组的概念。MYSQL中为此目的
提供了类&#20284;的语句,那就是HAVING子句。HAVING非常类&#20284;于WHERE。事实上,目前为止所有学过的所有类型的WHERE子句都可以用HAVING来替代。唯一的差别是WHERE过滤行
,而HAVING过滤分组。

SELECT cust_id,COUNT(*) AS orders FROM orders GROUP BY cust_id HAVING COUNT(*)>=2;

注意:HAVING 与WHERE 的区别

WHERE 在数据分组前进行过滤,HAVING在数据分组后进行过滤。这是一个重要区别,WHERE排除的行不会出现在分组中。可能改变分组&#20540;,从而影响HAVING子句中基于这些&#20540;过滤掉分组。

为了更好的理解,请看下面一个例子,它列出具有2个以上,价&#26684;为10以上的产品的供应商。


SELECT vend_id,COUNT(*) AS num_prods FROM products where prod_price>=10  GROUP BY vend_id HAVING COUNT(*)>=2;

需要注意的是:在使用GROUP BY 子句时,应该也给出ORDER BY子句。这保证数据正确排序的唯一方法。

SELECT order_num,SUM(quantity*item_price) AS ordertotal FROM orderitems GROUP by order_num HAVING SUM(quantity* item_price)>=50 ORDER BY ordertotal;





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