oracle创建表并添加主键,设置主键自增长
oracle序列详解和创建自增主键 Oracle序列主键 序列: 是oacle提供的用于产生一系列唯一数字的数据库对象。 l 自动提供唯一的数值 l 共享对象 l 主要用于提供主键值 l 将序列值装入内存可以提高访问效率 1.首先创建序列,Oracle序列的语法格式为: CREATE SEQ
oracle序列详解和创建自增主键
Oracle序列主键
序列: 是oacle提供的用于产生一系列唯一数字的数据库对象。
l 自动提供唯一的数值
l 共享对象
l 主要用于提供主键值
l 将序列值装入内存可以提高访问效率
1.首先创建序列,Oracle序列的语法格式为:
<code class=" hljs css"> <span class="hljs-tag">CREATE</span> <span class="hljs-tag">SEQUENCE</span> 序列名 <span class="hljs-attr_selector">[INCREMENT BY n]</span> <span class="hljs-attr_selector">[START WITH n]</span> <span class="hljs-attr_selector">[{MAXVALUE/ MINVALUEn|NOMAXVALUE}]</span> <span class="hljs-attr_selector">[{CYCLE|NOCYCLE}]</span> <span class="hljs-attr_selector">[{CACHE n|NOCACHE}]</span>;</code>
1)INCREMENT BY用于定义序列的步长,如果省略,则默认为1,
如果出现负值,则代表Oracle序列的值是按照此步长递减的。
2)START WITH 定义序列的初始值(即产生的第一个值),默认为1。
3)MAXVALUE 定义序列生成器能产生的最大值。选项NOMAXVALUE是默认选项,代表没有最大值定义,
这时对于递增Oracle序列,系统能够产生的最大值是10的27次方;对于递减序列,最大值是-1。
4)MINVALUE定义序列生成器能产生的最小值。选项NOMAXVALUE是默认选项,
代表没有最小值定义,这时对于递减序列,系统能够产生的最小值是?10的26次方;对于递增序列,最小值是1。
5)CYCLE 和NOCYCLE 表示当序列生成器的值达到限制值后是否循环。CYCLE代表循环,NOCYCLE代表不循环。 如果循环,则当递增序列达到最大值时,循环到最小值;对于递减序列达到最小值时,循环到最大值。如果不循环,达到限制值后,继续产生新值就会发生错误。
6)CACHE(缓冲)定义存放序列的内存块的大小,默认为20。NOCACHE表示不对序列进行内存缓冲。
对序列进行内存缓冲,可以改善序列的性能。
2.删除Oracle序列的语法是DROP SEQUENCE 序列名;
使用序列会产生裂缝
l 序列在下列情况下出现裂缝:
? 回滚
? 系统异常
实例应用:
1。先sqlplus登录了:
SQL> conn scott/tiger;
2。建表:
drop table users ;
<code> create table users( id number(6) , name varchar2(30), constraint pk_id primary key(id) ); </code>
3。建序列:
create sequence aq1
start with 1
increment by 1
minvalue 1
maxvalue 9999999
nocycle
nocache
noorder;
/或者
drop sequence sq1;
create sequence sq1;
4。建触发器:
create or replace trigger pn_trigger
before insert on users
for each row
begin
select sq1.nextval into:new.id from sys.dual;
end;
5。好了,insert一条记录测试一下喽。。。。
insert into users( name) values(‘zhsan’);
select * from users;
创建触发器
<code class=" hljs sql"><span class="hljs-operator"><span class="hljs-keyword">create</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">replace</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">trigger</span> 触发器名 <span class="hljs-keyword">before</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">insert</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> 表名 <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">each</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">row</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">begin</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> 序列名.nextval <span class="hljs-keyword">into</span>:new.主键 <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> dual;</span> <span class="hljs-operator"><span class="hljs-keyword">end</span> 触发器名;</span></code>

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