Home > Database > Mysql Tutorial > 【原创】PostgreSQL快速创建空表TIPS

【原创】PostgreSQL快速创建空表TIPS

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-07 14:55:39
Original
995 people have browsed it

MySQL 有一个和优秀的语法 create table ... like , 可以快速复制一张表,创建其副本。 PostgreSQL 也有类似的语法,而且更加灵活,不过要注意些细节。 先来看看MySQL 语法: create table ... like 原始表T1,结构如下: +----------+------------------+-

MySQL 有一个和优秀的语法 create table ... like , 可以快速复制一张表,创建其副本。 PostgreSQL 也有类似的语法,而且更加灵活,不过要注意些细节。

先来看看MySQL 语法: create table ... like 

原始表T1,结构如下:

+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| log_time | datetime(6)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
Copy after login
Copy after login

快速做一张副本:

mysql> create table t2 like t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Copy after login


这时会有一张相同的副本表快速产生:

+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id       | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| log_time | datetime(6)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
Copy after login
Copy after login


这时注意到,这里用到自增字段作为主键,不过MySQL 这类语法不会沿用原始表的自增位置,还是从头开始。不过这点说起来难免搞笑,因为MySQL没有单独的序列。

mysql> insert into t2 (log_time) select now();
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+----------------------------+
| id | log_time                   |
+----+----------------------------+
|  1 | 2014-11-27 13:44:12.000000 |
+----+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Copy after login


现在来看下PostgreSQL:

原始表结构如下, 包含了一个序列作为主键。

                                    Table "ytt_sql.t1"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval('t1_id_seq'::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t1_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Copy after login


用类似的语法create table ... like 来创建副本:

t_girl=# create table t2 (like t1 including all);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 50.035 ms
Copy after login


副本的表结构如下,不过可能发现了一个问题,连同原始表的序列也一起弄过来了,这个太不安全了。

                                    Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval('t1_id_seq'::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Copy after login



而此时查看到这个序列的指针已经是120了,那么副本表的记录不是要从120开始?而且副本表的插入或者其他写入操作都会影响原始表!

t_girl=# select currval('t1_id_seq');          
 currval 
---------
     120
(1 row)
Time: 3.771 ms
Copy after login

所以这时重新创建一个新的序列给副本表专用:

t_girl=# create sequence t2_id_seq;
CREATE SEQUENCE
Time: 12.744 ms
Copy after login


更新这列的默认值。

t_girl=# alter table t2 alter id set default nextval('t2_id_seq');
ALTER TABLE
Time: 5.002 ms
Copy after login


这时候插入些记录看看:

t_girl=# insert into t2 (log_time) values ....;
INSERT 0 10
Time: 10.331 ms
Copy after login

这时记录从1开始了:

t_girl=# select * from t2;
 id |          log_time          
----+----------------------------
  1 | 2014-03-09 06:49:14.393962
  2 | 2005-12-30 05:49:14.393962
  3 | 2014-05-17 20:49:14.393962
  4 | 2004-06-15 22:49:14.393962
  5 | 2010-06-19 03:49:14.393962
...
 10 | 2009-09-07 23:49:14.393962
(10 rows)
Time: 4.958 ms
Copy after login


不过我这里LIKE了所有选项,也可以不不包括默认值,这样,序列本身就不会复制进来了。

t_girl=# create table t2 (like t1 including all excluding defaults);
CREATE TABLE
Time: 40.292 ms
Copy after login
                 Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             | Modifiers 
----------+-----------------------------+-----------
 id       | integer                     | not null
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "t2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Copy after login


这里也可以不用LIKE 选项,直接用类似CREATE TABLE AS ...语法,如下:

创建没有记录的空表,但是这里只包含了表结构以及字段相关。

t_girl=# create table t2 as table t1 with no data;
SELECT 0
Time: 15.562 ms
或者
t_girl=# create table t2 as select * from t1 where false;
SELECT 0
Time: 14.181 ms
Copy after login


我们手动给添加主键以及默认值。

t_girl=# alter table t2 add constraint pk_t2_id primary key (id), alter id set default nextval('t2_id_seq');
ALTER TABLE
Time: 41.105 ms
Copy after login

结构跟原来一样了。

                                    Table "ytt_sql.t2"
  Column  |            Type             |                    Modifiers                    
----------+-----------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
 id       | integer                     | not null default nextval('t2_id_seq'::regclass)
 log_time | timestamp without time zone | 
Indexes:
    "pk_t2_id" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Copy after login


source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template