当主键碰到NULL
主键和Null看似没有多大的关系,因为一般的主键设置都是not null,但是把两者结合起来,会有很多意想不到的情况,说是意想不到是因
主键和Null看似没有多大的关系,因为一般的主键设置都是not null,但是把两者结合起来,会有很多意想不到的情况,说是意想不到是因为结果不在预期范围,但是如果明白了基本的原理,整个过程又在情理之中。
我们先来演示一下问题。
首先创建一个表,创建唯一性索引。
SQL> conn n1/n1
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> select*from cat;
no rows selected
SQL> create table test(x number,y number);
Table created.
SQL> create unique index ind_test on test(x,y);
Index created.
SQL> insert into test values(1,2);
1 row created.
再次插入重复的数据,这个肯定会抛错是毫无疑问的。
SQL> insert into test values(1,2);
insert into test values(1,2)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (N1.IND_TEST) violated
然后我们开始测试null相关的场景。
SQL> insert into test values(1,null);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values(null,1);
1 row created.
插入两个Null值,也是可以的。
SQL> insert into test values(null,null);
1 row created.
再次插入两个null值,还是可以的。
SQL> insert into test values(null,null);
1 row created.
但是反过来再次插入1,null的时候就抛错了。
SQL> insert into test values(1,null);
insert into test values(1,null)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (N1.IND_TEST) violated
同理,null,1的场景也是如此。
SQL> insert into test values(null,1);
insert into test values(null,1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (N1.IND_TEST) violated
再次插入两个null值。
SQL> insert into test values(null,null);
1 row created.
查看表test中的数据,如下:
SQL> select *from test;
X Y
---------- ----------
1 2
1
1
6 rows selected.
可以看到有6行。null值列看不到任何显示。
为了标识,我们打印出rownum来。
SQL> select rownum,x,y from test;
ROWNUM X Y
---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 2
2 1
3 1
4
5
6
6 rows selected.
测试完了null值相关的,我们来看看空串''的情况。
插入''的时候就会抛错。
SQL> insert into test values(1,'');
insert into test values(1,'')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (N1.IND_TEST) violated
插入两个空串,和null的效果是一样的。
SQL> insert into test values('','');
1 row created.
null和空串组合,也没有问题。
SQL> insert into test values(null,'');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values('','');
1 row created.
再次查看数据,null值的数据行明显增多。
SQL> select rownum,x,y from test;
ROWNUM X Y
---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 2
2 1
3 1
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 rows selected.
我们可以再进一步,查看null值的长度,使用length()
SQL> select rownum,x,length(x),y,length(y) from test;
ROWNUM X LENGTH(X) Y LENGTH(Y)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 1 2 1
2 1 1
3 1 1
4
5
6
7
8
9
9 rows selected.
可以看到null值对应的length没有任何显示。
如果用=来匹配空串,和null的效果一样,匹配不了。
SQL> select *from test where x='';
no rows selected
我们还是来看看dump的信息吧,,对于null列dump的结果就是null
1* select rownum,x,y,dump(x) from test
SQL> /

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