Home Database Mysql Tutorial 数据库结构同步之通过DDL触发器记录数据库结构的变更

数据库结构同步之通过DDL触发器记录数据库结构的变更

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:59 PM
ddl change Synchronize database structure trigger Record pass need

需求: 在开发多人协作的项目的时候,一般要同时使用多个数据库 常见的情况有: 一个开发者用的数据库(开发库), 一个测试者用的数据库(测试库), 一个正式开放给客户的数据库(正式库), 那么这三个数据库之间的数据结构的同步就将成为一个问题 如:当

需求:

在开发多人协作的项目的时候,一般要同时使用多个数据库

常见的情况有:

一个开发者用的数据库(开发库),

一个测试者用的数据库(测试库),

一个正式开放给客户的数据库(正式库),

那么这三个数据库之间的数据结构的同步就将成为一个问题

如:当开发者A在“开发库”中添加了一个表,开发者B修改了一个表...

这些数据库结构的变更势必要同步到“测试库”和“正式库”中去

但肉手记录数据库结构变更的方式即麻烦由容易出错...

如之奈何?

 

思考过程:

之前曾在数据库达人邹建那里看到一篇帖子(找不到了),

但试过之后发现,很多情况都会出异常...就放弃了

后来在WCF达人Artech这里看到一篇文章

追踪记录每笔业务操作数据改变的利器——SQLCDC

此文章是针对数据库表记录CURD操作的日志

并非表结构

后来我在文章评论中向Artech请教了我的问题,

得到了DDL Trigger的答案 

记下来并分享

 

代码及解释:

USE MRLH_CM;
GO
--创建记录数据库结构变更的表
CREATE TABLE LogTable (DB_User nvarchar(200), EventType nvarchar(200), SQLString nvarchar(2000),ChangeTime datetime);
GO
CREATE TRIGGER LogTrigger 
ON DATABASE 
FOR DROP_TABLE, ALTER_TABLE ,CREATE_TABLE
AS
DECLARE @data XML
SET @data = EVENTDATA()
INSERT LogTable 
   (DB_User, EventType, SQLString,ChangeTime) 
   VALUES 
   (CONVERT(nvarchar(100), CURRENT_USER), 
   @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]', 'nvarchar(100)'), 
   @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/TSQLCommand)[1]', 'nvarchar(2000)'),
   GETDATE()
    ) ;
GO
Copy after login

 和普通的创建触发器的过程类似

就说其中的两个地方吧

1.FOR DROP_TABLE, ALTER_TABLE ,CREATE_TABLE
  这里只记录了这几个事件

  如果记录更多的事件请使用

  FOR DDL_DATABASE_LEVEL_EVENTS

  了解更多的事件情况请访问

  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186456(SQL.90).aspx

2.SET @data = EVENTDATA()
  EVENTDATA()是数据库自身的方法

  返回有关服务器或数据库事件的信息(XML格式)  

  只有直接在 DDL 或登录触发器内部引用 EVENTDATA 时,EVENTDATA 才会返回数据。

  如果 EVENTDATA 由其他例程调用(即使这些例程由 DDL 或登录触发器进行调用),将返回 NULL。

  @data.value('(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)[1]

  这是使用XQUERY检索XML中的数据

  详细的XQUERY教程请看这里

  http://www.w3school.com.cn/xquery/index.asp

注意:

--想删除表LogTable必须先删除这个触发器
DROP TRIGGER LogTrigger
on database
GO
--删除表
DROP TABLE LogTable
GO
Copy after login

以上代码均在MSSQLSERVER2008下测试通过

其他数据库没有测试

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