Sql Server系列：数据库操作
1. 创建数据库 CREATE DATABASE语法： CREATE DATABASE database_name [ ON [ PRIMARY ] filespec [ ,...n ] [ , filegroup [ ,...n ] ] [ LOG ON filespec [ ,...n ] ] ] [ COLLATE collation_name ] filespec :: = {( NAME = logical_file_name , FILENAME
1. 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE语法：
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span><span> database_name
</span><span>[</span><span> ON
[ PRIMARY </span><span>]</span> <span>filespec<span>></span> <span>[</span><span> ,...n </span><span>]</span>
<span>[</span><span> , <filegroup> [ ,...n </filegroup></span><span>]</span><span> ]
</span><span>[</span><span> LOG ON <filespec> [ ,...n </filespec></span><span>]</span><span> ]
]
</span><span>[</span><span> COLLATE collation_name </span><span>]</span>
<span>filespec<span>></span> ::<span>=</span><span>
{
(
NAME </span><span>=</span><span> logical_file_name ,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> { <span>'</span><span>os_file_name</span><span>'</span> <span>|</span> <span>'</span><span>filestream_path</span><span>'</span><span> }
</span><span>[</span><span> , SIZE = size [ KB | MB | GB | TB </span><span>]</span><span> ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , MAXSIZE = { max_size [ KB | MB | GB | TB </span><span>]</span> <span>|</span><span> UNLIMITED } ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , FILEGROWTH = growth_increment [ KB | MB | GB | TB | % </span><span>]</span><span> ]
)
}</span></span></span>ON：用来定义数据库的数据文件。PRIMARY指出其后所定义的文件是主数据文件，如果省略，则第一个定义的文件是主数据文件。
LOG ON：用来定义数据库的日志文件。如果没有LOG ON，SQL Server将自动创建一个日志文件。
数据库中的文件类型与推荐扩展名：主要数据文件.mdf ，次要数据文件.ndf ，事务日志.ldf 。
创建未指定文件的数据库：
<span>--</span><span> Drop the database if it already exists</span>
<span>IF</span> <span>EXISTS</span><span> (
</span><span>SELECT</span><span> name
</span><span>FROM</span><span> sys.databases
</span><span>WHERE</span> name <span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal</span><span>'</span><span>
)
</span><span>DROP</span> <span>DATABASE</span><span> Portal
</span><span>GO</span>
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span><span> Portal
</span><span>GO</span>创建指定数据文件和事务日志文件的数据库：
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
<span>ON</span> <span>PRIMARY</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 5MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
)
</span><span>LOG</span> <span>ON</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_log</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_log.ldf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 2MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span> <span>10</span><span>%</span><span>
)</span>创建数据库指定多个数据及事务日志文件：
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
<span>ON</span> <span>PRIMARY</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 5MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
),
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_Data_2014</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_Data_2014.ndf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 5MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
)
</span><span>LOG</span> <span>ON</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_log</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_log.ldf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 2MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span> <span>10</span><span>%</span><span>
),
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_log_2014</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_log_2014.ldf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 2MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span> <span>10</span><span>%</span><span>
)</span>创建具有文件组的数据库：
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
<span>ON</span> <span>PRIMARY</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 10MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
),
FILEGROUP </span><span>[</span><span>div2014</span><span>]</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_Data_2014</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_Data_2014.ndf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 5MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
)
</span><span>LOG</span> <span>ON</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_log</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_log.ldf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 2MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span> <span>10</span><span>%</span><span>
)</span>2. 修改数据库
修改数据库语法：
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span><span> database_name
{
</span><span>add_or_modify_files<span>></span>
<span>|</span> <span>add_or_modify_filegroups<span>></span><span>
}
</span><span>[</span><span>;</span><span>]</span>
<span>add_or_modify_files<span>></span>::<span>=</span><span>
{
</span><span>ADD</span> <span>FILE</span> <span>filespec<span>></span> <span>[</span><span> ,...n </span><span>]</span>
<span>[</span><span> TO FILEGROUP { filegroup_name } </span><span>]</span>
<span>|</span> <span>ADD</span> <span>LOG</span> <span>FILE</span> <span>filespec<span>></span> <span>[</span><span> ,...n </span><span>]</span>
<span>|</span> REMOVE <span>FILE</span><span> logical_file_name
</span><span>|</span> MODIFY <span>FILE</span> <span>filespec<span>></span><span>
}
</span><span>filespec<span>></span>::<span>=</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span><span> logical_file_name
</span><span>[</span><span> , NEWNAME = new_logical_name </span><span>]</span>
<span>[</span><span> , FILENAME = {'os_file_name' | 'filestream_path' | 'memory_optimized_data_path' } </span><span>]</span>
<span>[</span><span> , SIZE = size [ KB | MB | GB | TB </span><span>]</span><span> ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , MAXSIZE = { max_size [ KB | MB | GB | TB </span><span>]</span> <span>|</span><span> UNLIMITED } ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , FILEGROWTH = growth_increment [ KB | MB | GB | TB| % </span><span>]</span><span> ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , OFFLINE </span><span>]</span><span>
)
</span><span>add_or_modify_filegroups<span>></span>::<span>=</span><span>
{
</span><span>|</span> <span>ADD</span> FILEGROUP <span>filegroup_name</span>
<span>[</span><span> CONTAINS FILESTREAM | CONTAINS MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA </span><span>]</span>
<span>|</span> REMOVE FILEGROUP <span>filegroup_name</span>
<span>|</span> MODIFY FILEGROUP <span>filegroup_name</span><span>
{ </span><span>filegroup_updatability_option<span>></span>
<span>|</span> <span>DEFAULT</span>
<span>|</span> NAME <span>=</span><span> new_filegroup_name
}
}
</span><span>filegroup_updatability_option<span>></span>::<span>=</span><span>
{
{ READONLY </span><span>|</span><span> READWRITE }
</span><span>|</span> { READ_ONLY <span>|</span><span> READ_WRITE }
}</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>新增文件组：
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span> <span>ADD</span> FILEGROUP <span>[</span><span>div2014</span><span>]</span>
新增文件指定文件组：
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span> <span>ADD</span> <span>FILE</span><span>
(
NAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>Portal_Data_2014</span><span>'</span><span>,
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> N<span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_Data_2014.ndf</span><span>'</span><span> ,
SIZE </span><span>=</span><span> 5MB ,
FILEGROWTH </span><span>=</span><span> 1MB
)
</span><span>TO</span> FILEGROUP <span>[</span><span>div2014</span><span>]</span>删除数据库文件：
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span> REMOVE <span>FILE</span> Portal_Data_2014
修改数据名称:
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span> MODIFY NAME <span>=</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal_2014</span><span>]</span>
<span>EXEC</span> sp_renamedb <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>, <span>[</span><span>Portal_2014</span><span>]</span>
修改设置默认文件组：
<span>ALTER</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span> MODIFY FILEGROUP <span>[</span><span>PRIMARY</span><span>]</span> <span>DEFAULT</span>
3. 删除数据库
删除数据库语法：
<span>DROP</span> <span>DATABASE</span> { database_name <span>|</span> database_snapshot_name } <span>[</span><span> ,...n </span><span>]</span> <span>[</span><span>;</span><span>]</span>示例：
<span>DROP</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
4. 分离数据库
使用系统存储过程sp_detach_db分离数据库。
sp_detach_db <span>[</span><span> @dbname= </span><span>]</span> <span>'</span><span>database_name</span><span>'</span>
<span>[</span><span> , [ @skipchecks= </span><span>]</span> <span>'</span><span>skipchecks</span><span>'</span><span> ]
</span><span>[</span><span> , [ @keepfulltextindexfile = </span><span>]</span> <span>'</span><span>KeepFulltextIndexFile</span><span>'</span> ]
<span>EXEC</span> sp_detach_db <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
直接运行分离数据库的SQL语句，可能会提示有进程（用户）正在使用，分离失败。要解决这个问题，先查看哪些进程（用户）正在使用该数据库。
查看用户和进程：
<span>USE</span> <span>[</span><span>master</span><span>]</span><span> sp_who</span>
先结束占用数据库的进程，再分离数据库：
USE [master] KILL 55 KILL 56 KILL 57 <span>EXEC</span> sp_detach_db <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
5. 附加数据库
使用CREATE DATABASE附加数据库：
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
<span>ON</span><span>
(
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span><span>
)
</span><span>FOR</span> ATTACH
<span>CREATE</span> <span>DATABASE</span> <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>
<span>ON</span><span>
(
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span><span>
),
(
FILENAME </span><span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal_log.ldf</span><span>'</span><span>
)
</span><span>FOR</span> ATTACH使用系统存储过程附加数据库：
<span>EXEC</span> sp_attach_db <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>, <span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span>
<span>EXEC</span> sp_attach_db <span>[</span><span>Portal</span><span>]</span>, <span>'</span><span>F:\Database\Portal.mdf</span><span>'</span>, 'F:\Database\Portal_log.ldf'
6. 查看数据库信息
SQL Server中可以使用多种方式查看数据库信息，例如使用目录视图、函数、存储过程等。
6.1> 使用目录视图
使用目录视图查看数据库基本信息：
◊ sys.databse_files：查看数据库文件信息；
◊ sys.filegroups：查看数据库组信息；
◊ sys.master_files：查看数据库文件的基本信息和状态信息；
◊ sys.database：数据库和文件目录视图查看数据库的基本信息。
<span>SELECT</span> <span>*</span> <span>FROM</span> sys.databases <span>WHERE</span> name <span>=</span> <span>'</span><span>Northwind</span><span>'</span>
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
1393
52
1207
24
Xiaomi 15 series full codenames revealed: Dada, Haotian, Xuanyuan
Aug 22, 2024 pm 06:47 PM
The Xiaomi Mi 15 series is expected to be officially released in October, and its full series codenames have been exposed in the foreign media MiCode code base. Among them, the flagship Xiaomi Mi 15 Ultra is codenamed "Xuanyuan" (meaning "Xuanyuan"). This name comes from the Yellow Emperor in Chinese mythology, which symbolizes nobility. Xiaomi 15 is codenamed "Dada", while Xiaomi 15Pro is named "Haotian" (meaning "Haotian"). The internal code name of Xiaomi Mi 15S Pro is "dijun", which alludes to Emperor Jun, the creator god of "The Classic of Mountains and Seas". Xiaomi 15Ultra series covers
iOS 18 adds a new 'Recovered' album function to retrieve lost or damaged photos
Jul 18, 2024 am 05:48 AM
Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps
The best time to buy Huawei Mate 60 series, new AI elimination + image upgrade, and enjoy autumn promotions
Aug 29, 2024 pm 03:33 PM
Since the Huawei Mate60 series went on sale last year, I personally have been using the Mate60Pro as my main phone. In nearly a year, Huawei Mate60Pro has undergone multiple OTA upgrades, and the overall experience has been significantly improved, giving people a feeling of being constantly new. For example, recently, the Huawei Mate60 series has once again received a major upgrade in imaging capabilities. The first is the new AI elimination function, which can intelligently eliminate passers-by and debris and automatically fill in the blank areas; secondly, the color accuracy and telephoto clarity of the main camera have been significantly upgraded. Considering that it is the back-to-school season, Huawei Mate60 series has also launched an autumn promotion: you can enjoy a discount of up to 800 yuan when purchasing the phone, and the starting price is as low as 4,999 yuan. Commonly used and often new products with great value
Detailed tutorial on establishing a database connection using MySQLi in PHP
Jun 04, 2024 pm 01:42 PM
How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())
How to handle database connection errors in PHP
Jun 05, 2024 pm 02:16 PM
To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.
Astar staking principle, income dismantling, airdrop projects and strategies & operation nanny-level strategy
Jun 25, 2024 pm 07:09 PM
Table of Contents Astar Dapp Staking Principle Staking Revenue Dismantling of Potential Airdrop Projects: AlgemNeurolancheHealthreeAstar Degens DAOVeryLongSwap Staking Strategy & Operation "AstarDapp Staking" has been upgraded to the V3 version at the beginning of this year, and many adjustments have been made to the staking revenue rules. At present, the first staking cycle has ended, and the "voting" sub-cycle of the second staking cycle has just begun. To obtain the "extra reward" benefits, you need to grasp this critical stage (expected to last until June 26, with less than 5 days remaining). I will break down the Astar staking income in detail,
How to connect to remote database using Golang?
Jun 01, 2024 pm 08:31 PM
Through the Go standard library database/sql package, you can connect to remote databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL or SQLite: create a connection string containing database connection information. Use the sql.Open() function to open a database connection. Perform database operations such as SQL queries and insert operations. Use defer to close the database connection to release resources.
How to use database callback functions in Golang?
Jun 03, 2024 pm 02:20 PM
Using the database callback function in Golang can achieve: executing custom code after the specified database operation is completed. Add custom behavior through separate functions without writing additional code. Callback functions are available for insert, update, delete, and query operations. You must use the sql.Exec, sql.QueryRow, or sql.Query function to use the callback function.
