形形色色话虚拟之IBM产品及技术解析(2)
在阐述IBM的虚拟化产品之前，有必要先梳理IBM在产品中所应用的一些技术，因这些技术在随后的IBM产品中都有应用。虚拟化技术早在上世纪 60 年代，就开始随着 IBM 大型主机推向市
在阐述IBM的虚拟化产品之前，有必要先梳理IBM在产品中所应用的一些技术，因这些技术在随后的IBM产品中都有应用。虚拟化技术早在上世纪 60 年代，就开始随着 IBM 大型主机推向市场。随着技术的发展， IBM 大型主机的逻辑分区技术和虚拟机技术；UNIX 服务器领域有 IBM Power VM（动态逻辑分区，微分区），就是一些典型的应用。
1、逻辑分区（LPAR）与动态逻辑分区（DLPAR）
与物理分区不同，逻辑分区的资源划分不依赖于其物理位置。因此，每个分区中的 CPU 资源分配粒度为一颗物理 CPU 或以更小的粒度为单位。LPAR是将一个物理的服务器划分成若干个虚拟的或逻辑的服务器，每个虚拟的或逻辑的服务器运行自己独立的操作系统，有自己独享的处理器、内存和I/O资源。（图1）
动态逻辑分区架构图
动态逻辑分区允许在不中断应用操作的情况下，增加或减少分区占用的资源。它的功能让系统管理员可以自由添加、删除或在分区之间移动系统资源，例如 CPU、内存、I/O 适配器的分配，而不需要像原来修改之后重新启动分区。服务器是否可以使用动态 LPAR，是要看软件是否支持。如果希望实现动态 LPAR 需要在相关的分区安装 AIX 5L 5.2 及以上版本。
2、微分区 （Micro-Partitioning）和共享处理器池（SPP）
微分区允许把 CPU 的片段分配给虚拟分区。同时，它还允许共享 CPU、RAM 和 I/O.给分区分配处理资源的粒度可以到达一个 CPU 的 1/10.通过使用无上限分区特性，甚至可以超过在分区上配置的硬件量，即有资格使用的容量 （EC）。可见，分区要么是专用的处理器分区（按整个处理器的增量来分配处理能力），要么是共享的处理器分区（使用微分区）；不会出现两者的组合。使用微分区时，可以将一组处理器分配到共享处理器池（SPP），然后使 LPAR 可以（根据在池中获得的容量和优先级）使用这些处理器。
3、工作负载分区 WPAR（Workload Partitioning）
AIX 版本 6 允许对正在相同的 AIX 映像中运行的应用程序进行分组，每个组称为一个工作负载分区。WPAR 是由软件创建的AIX 6 映像中的虚拟化的操作系统环境。它是一个通过纯软件实现虚拟化的技术。通过 WPAR 可以实现新一级别的 AIX 虚拟化功能，它补充现有的虚拟化功能的不足，实现了在不修改应用程序代码的情况下，在不同的 AIX 实例之间的移动以及实现了应用程序对于资源的更好的使用。对于所承载的应用程序来说，每个工作负载分区都是一个安全的、隔离的环境。
它是一种纯 AIX 功能，不需要进行任何分区配置更改，并且可以在任何正在运行 AIX 版本 6 的服务器上运行。
下面给出一个工作负载分区使用的示例。系统 B 是一个 POWER6 系统，具有三个不同的工作负载。它们中的每一个都可以迁移到另一个 AIX 版本 6 映像，即使它们运行于不同的硬件平台。（图2）
工作负载分区示例
为了更好的对比WPAR和LPAR，我们给出两者的技术优点。（图3）
[1] [2] [3]
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