Home Database Mysql Tutorial 算法导论 2.1 插入排序

算法导论 2.1 插入排序

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:01 PM
sort insert algorithm

算法导论2.1节中以插入排序为例,讲述算法入门,本文也按照书中写出这段.以VB语言实现. 插入排序的大致思路就像我们抓牌一样,抓到一张,就插入到手里已有的牌中,并且确保插入后的牌是排好序的. 也就是说,每次插入新牌前,手中的牌实际是已经排好序的,只要找到新

算法导论2.1节中以插入排序为例,讲述算法入门,本文也按照书中写出这段.以VB语言实现.

插入排序的大致思路就像我们抓牌一样,抓到一张,就插入到手里已有的牌中,并且确保插入后的牌是排好序的.

也就是说,每次插入新牌前,手中的牌实际是已经排好序的,只要找到新牌待插入的位置,插进去,再把这个位置后的牌全往后挪一个位置,注意,是只挪一个位置.这样就完成了一张牌的插入,直到所有牌都插完.

这个过程中有几个步骤,一是取出要插入的牌,二是找出要插入的位置,三是把牌插入,并把插入位置后的牌都往后挪.

这三步每一步都要做到极致,即取牌的次数要最少,找出插入位置用的次数最少,挪牌用的次数最少.

下面是代码,及详细代码注释.

Private Sub InsertSort(Data() As Integer)
        Dim i As Long, j As Long, k As Integer
        If Data.Length k,而不是>=k,这样能减少一次挪位.并且要使用短匹配AndAlso以免出现j最终-1时Data(j)不越界.
            While j >= 0 AndAlso Data(j) > k
                '全部往后挪
                Data(j + 1) = Data(j)
                j = j - 1
            End While
            '比待插入数字大的都挪完了,接下来把待插入数字插入,这里直接使用上面的j就可以得到待插入的位置
            '在上面的while中,j已经多减掉了1,要加回来.
            Data(j + 1) = k
        Next
    End Sub
Copy after login
惊叹算法导论,一次也不多操作,相当精妙.

尤其是利用手中的牌已经排好序这个特性,从后往前开始对比,让查找位置和挪动数据一次完成,由衷地赞叹.


下面再聊一下折半插入排序.在网上看到有折半插入排序的说法,据说比直接插入排序更高效,其原理就是在查找待插入位置时使用二分法,快速找到位置手再挪位置,插入数据.

但事实上这种方式还是不如上面代码中的直接插入排序高效,因为上面的代码中,挪数据和找位置是合并在一起的,而不管怎样插入排序,挪动数据的次数是无法减少的,所以上面的代码相当于已经做到把查找位置的次数直接减到了0,肯定比再用二分法查找位置更高效.




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