Oracle PGA内存的配置和使用
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 PGA(Process Global Area),是server process一段私有内存区,它包含有全局变量,数据结构和一些控制信息。在Oracle8i 中,PGA调整非常复杂,要调整SORT_AREA_SIZE、HASH_AREA_SIZE、BITMAP_MERGE_A
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入
PGA(Process Global Area),是server process一段私有内存区,它包含有全局变量,数据结构和一些控制信息。在Oracle8i 中,PGA调整非常复杂,要调整SORT_AREA_SIZE、HASH_AREA_SIZE、BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE、
PGA(Process Global Area),是server process一段私有内存区,它包含有全局变量,数据结构和一些控制信息。在Oracle8i 中,PGA调整非常复杂,要调整SORT_AREA_SIZE、HASH_AREA_SIZE、BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE、 CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE等参数。在ORACLE9I中,只需要调整 PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET。
--PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET初始化设置
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET的值应该基于Oracle实例可利用内存的总量来设置,这个参数可以被动态的修改。假设Oracle实例可分配4GB的物理内存,剩下的内存分配给操作系统和其它应用程序。你也许会分配80%的可用内存给Oracle实例,即3.2G。现在必须在内存中划分SGA和PGA区域。
在OLTP系统中,典型PGA内存设置应该是总内存的较小部分(例如20%),剩下80%分配给SGA。
OLTP:PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 20%
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在DSS系统中,由于会运行一些很大的查询,典型的PGA内存最多分配70%的内存。
DSS:PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 50%
在这个例子中,总内存4GB,DSS系统,你可以设置PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET为1600MB,OLTP则为655MB。
--配置PGA自动管理
不用重启DB,直接在线修改。
SQL> alter system set workarea_size_policy=auto scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=512m scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter workarea
NAME TYPE VALUE Sqlclub
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
workarea_size_policy string AUTO --这个设置成AUTO
SQL> show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target big integer 536870912
SQL>
--监控自动PGA内存管理的性能
V$PGASTAT:这个视图给出了一个实例级别的PGA内存使用和自动分配的统计。 Sqlclub学习社区
SQL> set lines 256
SQL> set pages 42
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$PGASTAT;
NAME VALUE UNIT
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------
aggregate PGA target parameter 536870912 bytes --当前PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET的值
aggregate PGA auto target 477379584 bytes --当前可用于自动分配了的PGA大小,不应该比PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET 小
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global memory bound 26843136 bytes --自动模式下工作区域的最大大小,Oracle根据工作负载自动调整。
total PGA inuse 6448128 bytes
total PGA allocated 11598848 bytes --PGA的最大分配
Sqlclub
maximum PGA allocated 166175744 bytes
total freeable PGA memory 393216 bytes --PGA的最大空闲大小
PGA memory freed back to OS 69074944 bytes
total PGA used for auto workareas 0 bytes --PGA分配给auto workareas的大小 Sqlclub学习社区
maximum PGA used for auto workareas 1049600 bytes
total PGA used for manual workareas 0 bytes
maximum PGA used for manual workareas 530432 bytes
over allocation count 1118 --实例启动后,发生的分配次数,如果这个值大于0,就要考虑增加pga的值 copyright Sqlclub
bytes processed 114895872 bytes
extra bytes read/written 4608000 bytes
cache hit percentage 96.14 percent --命中率
16 rows selected. copyright Sqlclub
--V$PGA_TARGET_ADVICE
SQL> SELECT round(PGA_TARGET_FOR_ESTIMATE/1024/1024) target_mb,
ESTD_PGA_CACHE_HIT_PERCENTAGE cache_hit_perc,
ESTD_OVERALLOC_COUNT
FROM v$pga_target_advice;
The output of this query might look like the following:
TARGET_MB CACHE_HIT_PERC ESTD_OVERALLOC_COUNT
---------- -------------- --------------------
63 23 367
125 24 30
250 30 3
375 39 0
500 58 0
600 59 0
700 59 0 Sqlclub.cn
800 60 0
900 60 0
1000 61 0
1500 67 0
2000 76 0
3000 83 0
4000 85 0
可以看出当TARGET_MB 为375M是ESTD_OVERALLOC_COUNT=0,所以我们可以将PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET设置成375M。

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