Home Database Mysql Tutorial Linux 中与 Oracle Database 相关的内核参数详解

Linux 中与 Oracle Database 相关的内核参数详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:01 PM
database linux oracle Kernel Related

在 安装 Oracle的时候需要调整 linux 的 内核参数 ,但是各参数代表什么含义呢,下面做详细解析。 Oracle官方安装文档中给出的最小: fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4

安装Oracle的时候需要调整linux内核参数,但是各参数代表什么含义呢,下面做详细解析。

Oracle官方安装文档中给出的最小值:

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586


各参数详解:

kernel.shmmax:

是核心参数中最重要的参数之一,用于定义单个共享内存段的最大值。设置应该足够大,能在一个共享内存段下容纳下整个的SGA ,设置的过低可能会导致需要创建多个共享内存段,这样可能导致系统性能的下降。至于导致系统下降的主要原因为在实例启动以及ServerProcess创建的时候,多个小的共享内存段可能会导致当时轻微的系统性能的降低(在启动的时候需要去创建多个虚拟地址段,在进程创建的时候要让进程对多个段进行“识别”,会有一些影响),但是其他时候都不会有影响。

官方建议值:

32位linux系统:可取最大值为4GB(4294967296bytes)-1byte,即4294967295。建议值为多于内存的一半,所以如果是32为系统,一般可取值为4294967295。32位系统对SGA大小有限制,所以SGA肯定可以包含在单个共享内存段中。

64位linux系统:可取的最大值为物理内存值-1byte,建议值为多于物理内存的一半,一般取值大于SGA_MAX_SIZE即可,可以取物理内存-1byte。例如,如果为12GB物理内存,可取12*1024*1024*1024-1=12884901887,SGA肯定会包含在单个共享内存段中。 

kernel.shmall:

    该参数控制可以使用的共享内存的总页数。Linux共享内存页大小为4KB,共享内存段的大小都是共享内存页大小的整数倍。一个共享内存段的最大大小是16G,那么需要共享内存页数是16GB/4KB=16777216KB /4KB=4194304(页),也就是64Bit系统下16GB物理内存,设置kernel.shmall = 4194304才符合要求(几乎是原来设置2097152的两倍)。这时可以将shmmax参数调整到16G了,同时可以修改SGA_MAX_SIZE和SGA_TARGET为12G(您想设置的SGA最大大小,当然也可以是2G~14G等,还要协调PGA参数及OS等其他内存使用,不能设置太满,比如16G)

kernel.shmmni:

该参数是共享内存段的最大数量。shmmni缺省值4096,一般肯定是够用了。

fs.file-max:

该参数决定了系统中所允许的文件句柄最大数目,文件句柄设置代表linux系统中可以打开的文件的数量。

fs.aio-max-nr:

      此参数限制并发未完成的请求,应该设置避免I/O子系统故障。

kernel.sem:

以kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128为例:

       250是参数semmsl的值,表示一个信号量集合中能够包含的信号量最大数目。

       32000是参数semmns的值,表示系统内可允许的信号量最大数目。

       100是参数semopm的值,表示单个semopm()调用在一个信号量集合上可以执行的操作数量。

       128是参数semmni的值,表示系统信号量集合总数。

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range:

    表示应用程序可使用的IPv4端口范围。

net.core.rmem_default:

表示套接字接收缓冲区大小的缺省值。

net.core.rmem_max:

表示套接字接收缓冲区大小的最大值。

net.core.wmem_default:

表示套接字发送缓冲区大小的缺省值。

net.core.wmem_max:表示套接字发送缓冲区大小的最大值。
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