CentOS 6.3 32位静默安装Oracle 11g r2详细教程
CentOS6.332位静默安装Oracle11gr2详细教程 一、安装依赖包 binutils 2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33 3.2.3 elfutils-libelf 0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel 0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-static 0.125 gcc 4.1.2 gcc-c++ 4.1.2 glibc 2.5-24 glibc-common 2
CentOS 6.3 32位静默安装Oracle 11g r2详细教程
一、安装依赖包
binutils2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33 3.2.3
elfutils-libelf0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static0.125
gcc4.1.2
gcc-c++4.1.2
glibc2.5-24
glibc-common2.5
glibc-devel2.5
glibc-headers2.5
kernel-headers2.6.18
ksh20060214
libaio0.3.106
libaio-devel0.3.106
libgcc4.1.2
libgomp4.1.2
libstdc++4.1.2
libstdc++-devel4.1.2
make3.81
sysstat7.0.2
unixODBC2.2.11
unixODBC-devel2.2.11
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
二、修改内核参数
1、修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件
(1)、以root身份登录
(2)、编辑文件 #vim /etc/sysctl.conf,修改以下参数,如果没有可以自己添加,如果默认值比参考值大,则不需要修改。
kernel.shmall = 2097152 //表示系统一次可以使用的共享内存总量(以页为单位)。缺省值就是2097152,通常不需要修改
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 //定义了共享内存段的最大尺寸(以字节为单位)。缺省为32M,对于oracle来说,该缺省值太低了,通常将其设置为2G=2147483648/1024/1024/1024
kernel.shmmni = 4096 //用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大数量。该参数的默认值是 4096 。通常不需要更改
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 //表示设置的信号量
fs.file-max = 65536 //表示文件句柄的最大数量。文件句柄表示在Linux系统中可以打开的文件数量。其实是由"fs.file-max = 512 * PROCESSES"得到的,我们指定PROCESSES的值为128,即为"fs.file-max =512 *128"。
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 //同时可以拥有的的异步IO请求数目。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 //应用程序可使用的Ipv4端口范围。
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 //默认的接收窗口大小
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 //接收窗口的最大大小
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 //默认的发送窗口大小
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 //发送窗口的最大大小
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
(3)、运行#sysctl -p ,即可马上生效。
(4)、运行 #sysctl -p 命令报错
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key
解决方法,执行如下命令:
#modprobe bridge
#lsmod|grep bridge
2、为oracle用户设置Shell限制
(1)、编辑文件 #vim /etc/security/limits.conf ,添加如下行:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
(2)、编辑文件 #vim /etc/pam.d/login ,添加如下行:
session required pam_limits.so
(3)、查看/etc/selinux/config 文件,确保SELINUX 为disabled状态
SELINUX=disabled
查看SELinux状态:getenforce
关闭SELinux:
1、临时关闭(不用重启机器):
setenforce 0 ##设置SELinux 成为permissive模式
##setenforce 1 设置SELinux 成为enforcing模式
3、编辑/etc/profile,添加如下配置:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
4、编辑 /etc/csh.login ,添加如下配置:
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif
3、注:内核参数并非必须修改,可以根据自己实际情况而定。
三、创建用户和组及安装目录
1、创建Oracle用户与组
在这里只讨论单主机环境,不考虑RAC环境的配置。
执行以下指令以新增oracle安装时所需要的使用者与群组。
(1) 建立群组oinstall
# groupadd oinstall
(2) 建立群组dba
# groupadd oradba
(3) 新增使用者oracle并将其加入oinstall和dba群组
# useradd -g oinstall -G oradba oracle
(4) 测试oracle账号是否建立完成
# id oracle
(5) 建立oracle的新密码
# passwd oracle
(6)将oracle使用者加入到sudo群组中
# vim /etc/sudoers
找到
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
这行,并且在底下再加入
oracle ALL=(ALL) ALL
输入wq!或者x!(由于这是一份只读文档所以需要再加上!)并且按下Enter
2、创建oracle安装时的目标目录
(1) 以root身份登录
(2) 创建Oracle系统目录:# mkdir -p /app/oracle
(3) 创建Oracle服务器主目录:# mkdir /app/oracle/11g
(4) 将该目录的所有者设置为oracle:# chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oracle
(5) 编辑 /etc/profile,在后面追加以下内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/11g
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
运行# source /etc/profile 使其立即生效
(6) 注: 安装Oracle的目标目录可以任意指定, 但是安装和运行Oracle的用户必须有完全修改该目录的权限
四、编辑安装需要的应答文件
(1) 以root身份登录
(2) 静默模式(Silent)安装必须指定一个应答文件db_install.rsp来完成安装过程所须的各类参数。
(3) 编辑db_install.rsp,修改以下这些项目的值。
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/11g
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=oradba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=oracle11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=manager
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
其它项目用默认值即可,也可以根据自己的须要进行修改
(4) 注:如果Oracle从光盘安装,必须先将应答文件复制到硬盘上,才能修改
五、开始安装
(1) 用oracle用户登录,然后在Oracle安装目录里执行
$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -silent -noconfig -responseFile
(2) 接下来就是等待安装结束了。
各安装参数的含义如下:
-ignoreSysPrereqs 让Oracle忽略系统检查,因为Oracle官方声明只支持Linux服务器产品,所以要在非服务器产品的Linux上安装就必须指定此参数。
-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示
-force 允许安装到一个非空目录
-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
在这里我输入:
$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -silent -noconfig -responseFile /mnt/hgfs/tmp/oracle11g/response/db_install.rsp
当前目录为安装目录系统反应为:
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking installer requirements...
六、系统初始化
(1) 以root用户登录
(2) 运行以下两个脚本:
$ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
$ORACLE_HOME/root.sh
七、安装网络监听器
(1) 以oracle登陆
(2) 没有网络监听器,客户端就无法通过网络连接Oralce服务器。要在命令行安装网络监听器,也只能使用静默模式。
(3) 运行:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile
这里我输入的命令为:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /mnt/hgfs/tmp/oracle11g/response/netca.rsp
系统反应:
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /mnt/hgfs/tmp/oracle11g/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/app/oracle/11g/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
(4) 查看监听器状态
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status
八、修改dbstart
(1) 以oracle身份登录
(2) 打开 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart,将
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
否则网络监听器可能无法自动启动。
九、安装数据库实例
(1) 以root身份登录
(2) 编辑Oracle安装目录里response子目录下的应答文件 dbca.rsp,修改以下项目:
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" //不能更改
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
GDBNAME="oracle11g" 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名,这里我设置为:oracle11g
SID="ora11g" 数据库的SID,这个比较重要,我第一次安装时就是因为这个问题无法使用,这里我修改为:ora11g
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" //建库用的模板文件
SYSPASSWORD="manager" SYS用户的初始密码,我设置为manager
SYSTEMPASSWORD="manager" SYSTEM用户的初始密码,我设置为manager
DATAFILEDESTINATION = /app/oracle/oradata //数据文件存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/app/oracle/oradata_back //恢复数据存放目录
CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK" 数据库字符集,重要!!!! 建库后一般不能更改(中文为 ZHS16GBK)
TOTALMEMORY = "800" //oracle内存800MB
(3)然后登陆oracle运行
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile -cloneTemplate
这里我输入的命令为:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent –responseFile /mnt/hgfs/tmp/oracle11g/response/dbca.rsp -cloneTemplate
(4) 系统反应:
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/oracle11g/oracle11.log" for further details.
十、修改Oracle启动配置文件:/etc/oratab
(1) 以oracle用户登录
(2) 然后编辑 /etc/oratab
将
修改为ora11g:/app/oracle/11g:Y
使数据库实例能够自动启动。
十一、启动和关闭Oracle
以oracle用户登录
(1) 检查看看监听器是否有启动
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status
如果没有启动,可以输入:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start
(2) 启动Oracle实例
以sysdba身份登入数据库,输入:
$ sqlplus sys as sysdba
输入密码。(显示SQL>)
接着请输入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
备注:也可以用$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart启动数据库实例
(3) 关闭数据库实例
SQL> shutdown immediate
备注:也可以用 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart 启动数据库实例
(4) 关闭监听
$ lsnrctl stop
十二、让Oracle运行为服务
(1) 以root身份登录
(2) 创建文件 /etc/init.d/oracle,输入下列内容
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORACLE_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORACLE_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORACLE_HOME.
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/11g
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"
# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
(3) 然后将这个文件赋予可执行的权限,运行
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/oracle
(4) 添加Oracle服务并设置在Linux启动时自动运行
chkconfig --level 35 oracle on #添加Oracle服务,并设置3、5启动级别自动启动oracle
chkconfig --list oracle #查看服务信息
这样就可以用service oracle start|stop|restart来启动、停止和重启Oracle了

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