??数据库之触发器
触发器——看到这个名字总是会想到数电中学过的触发器,有输入端和输出端,根据电平的高低来触发。 数据库中的触发器是个特殊的存储过程,主要是通过事件进行触发而被执行的,而存储过程可以通过存储过程名称而被直接调用。 作用:使用T——SQL语句进行复杂
触发器——看到这个名字总是会想到数电中学过的触发器,有输入端和输出端,根据电平的高低来触发。
数据库中的触发器是个特殊的存储过程,主要是通过事件进行触发而被执行的,而存储过程可以通过存储过程名称而被直接调用。
作用:使用T——SQL语句进行复杂的逻辑处理,基于一个表创建,但是可以对多个表进行操作,因此常常用于复杂的业务规则。可以完成如下功能:
1 、级联修改数据库中相关的表
2、执行比核查约束更为复杂的约束操作
3、拒绝或回滚违反引用完整性的操作。
4、比较表修改前后数据之间的差别,并根据差别采取相应的操作。
创建触发器的规则和限制:
1、Create Trigger语句必须是批处理中的第一个语句。
2、在默认情况下,创建触发器的权限将分配给数据表的所有者,且不能转给其他用户
3、触发器是数据库对象,其名称必须遵循标识符的命名规则。
4、虽然触发器可以引用当前数据库以外的对象,但是只能在当前数据库中创建触发器。
5、虽然不能在临时数据表上创建触发器,但是触发器可以引用临时数据表。
6、不能在系统数据表创建触发器,也不可以引用系统数据库。
7、在包含使用delete或updata操作定义中,不能定义instead of和instead of update触发器。
8、TRUNCATE TABLE语句不会引发Delete触发器,因为该语句没有被记入日志。
9、Writetext语句不会引发insert或update触发器
注意:当创建一个触发器时必须指定:名称;在其上定义触发器的表;触发器将何时激发;激活触发器的数据修改语句。
管理触发器有两种方法:一是使用企业管理器管理触发器;二是使用T——SQL管理触发器。都可以对触发器进行创建,修改,删除。
使用T——SQL查看触发器相关数据:使用系统存储过程sp_helptrigger:语法如下:exec sp_helptrigger‘table’[,'type']
table:触发器所在的表名
type:指定列出的操作类型的触发器。若不指定,则列出所有的触发器。
例子:exec sp_helptrigger'employee'

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