数据库 事务的特性ACID
事务(Transaction)是并发控制的基本单位。 所谓事务，它是一个操作序列，这些操作要么都执行，要么都不执行，它是一个不可分割的工作单位。例如，银行转帐工作：从一个帐号扣款并使另一个帐号增款，这两个操作要么都执行，要么都不执行。 数据库事务必须具备
事务(Transaction)是并发控制的基本单位。
所谓事务，它是一个操作序列，这些操作要么都执行，要么都不执行，它是一个不可分割的工作单位。例如，银行转帐工作：从一个帐号扣款并使另一个帐号增款，这两个操作要么都执行，要么都不执行。
数据库事务必须具备ACID特性，ACID是Atomic（原子性）、Consistency（一致性）、Isolation（隔离性）和Durability（持久性）的英文缩写。
原子性：指整个数据库事务是不可分割的工作单位。只有使据库中所有的操作执行成功，才算整个事务成功；事务中任何一个SQL语句执行失败，那么已经执行成功的SQL语句也必须撤销，数据库状态应该退回到执行事务前的状态。
一致性：指数据库事务不能破坏关系数据的完整性以及业务逻辑上的一致性。例如对银行转帐事务，不管事务成功还是失败，应该保证事务结束后ACCOUNTS表中Tom和Jack的存款总额为2000元。
隔离性：指的是在并发环境中，当不同的事务同时操纵相同的数据时，每个事务都有各自的完整数据空间。由并发事务所做的修改必须与任何其他并发事务所做的修改隔离。事务查看数据更新时，数据所处的状态要么是另一事务修改它之前的状态，要么是另一事务修改它之后的状态，事务不会查看到中间状态的数据。
持久性：指的是只要事务成功结束，它对数据库所做的更新就必须永久保存下来。即使发生系统崩溃，重新启动数据库系统后，数据库还能恢复到事务成功结束时的状态。
事务的（ACID）特性是由关系数据库管理系统（RDBMS，数据库系统）来实现的。数据库管理系统采用日志来保证事务的原子性、一致性和持久性。日志记录了事务对数据库所做的更新，如果某个事务在执行过程中发生错误，就可以根据日志，撤销事务对数据库已做的更新，使数据库退回到执行事务前的初始状态。
数据库管理系统采用锁机制来实现事务的隔离性。当多个事务同时更新数据库中相同的数据时，只允许持有锁的事务能更新该数据，其他事务必须等待，直到前一个事务释放了锁，其他事务才有机会更新该数据。
本文出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/younes/archive/2010/09/09/1822436.html
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