Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL中随机数函数rand()简介

SQL中随机数函数rand()简介

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:07 PM
rand sql introduce function Introduction random number

下文将为您介绍SQL中的随机 函数 rand(),供您参考,如果您是才接触SQL Server的新手,不妨一看,相信对您学习SQL中的 函数 会大有帮助。 在SQL Server中,有个随机 函数 rand(),有不少新手可能不知道存在这个 函数 ,现在我就把这个 函数 的一些 随机数 生

 

下文将为您介绍SQL中的随机函数rand(),供您参考,如果您是才接触SQL Server的新手,不妨一看,相信对您学习SQL中的函数会大有帮助。

在SQL Server中,有个随机函数rand(),有不少新手可能不知道存在这个函数,现在我就把这个函数的一些随机数生成技巧写出来,这是面向菜鸟的,老鸟请不要拍砖呀,我的头还不够硬
不过还是希望老鸟们多多指教了,现在切入正题: 
随机函数:rand() 
在查询分析器中执行:select rand(),可以看到结果会是类似于这样的随机小数:0.36361513486289558, 
像这样的小数在实际应用中用得不多,一般要取随机数都会取随机整数。那就看下面的两种随机取整数的方法: 
1、 
A: 
select floor(rand()*N) ---生成的数是这样的:12.0 
B: 
select cast( floor(rand()*N) as int) ---生成的数是这样的:12 
2、 
A:select ceiling(rand() * N) ---生成的数是这样的:12.0 
B:select cast(ceiling(rand() * N) as int) ---生成的数是这样的:12 
其中里面的N是一个你指定的整数,如100,可以看出,两种方法的A方法是带有.0这个的小数的,而B方法就是真正的整数了。 
大致一看,这两种方法没什么区别,真的没区别?其实是有一点的,那就是他们的生成随机数的范围: 
方法1的数字范围:0至N-1之间,如cast( floor(rand()*100) as int)就会生成0至99之间任一整数 
方法2的数字范围:1至N之间,如cast(ceiling(rand() * 100) as int)就会生成1至100之间任一整数 
对于这个区别,看SQL的联机帮助就知了: 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
比较 CEILING 和 FLOOR 
CEILING 函数返回大于或等于所给数字表达式的最小整数。FLOOR 函数返回小于或等于所给数字表达式的最大整数。例如,对于数字表达式 12.9273,CEILING 将返回 13,FLOOR 将返回 12。FLOOR 和 CEILING 返回值的数据类型都与输入的数字表达式的数据类型相同。 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
现在,各位就可以根据自己需要使用这两种方法来取得随机数了^_^ 
另外,还要提示一下各位菜鸟,关于随机取得表中任意N条记录的方法,很简单,就用newid(): 
select top N * from table_name order by newid() ----N是一个你指定的整数,表是取得记录的条数 。

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