Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL 数据类型的最优选择

MySQL 数据类型的最优选择

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:08 PM
dba mysql data type choose

慎重选择数据类型很重要、为啥哩?可以提高性能、原理如下: ● 存储(内存、磁盘)、从而节省I/O(检索相同数据情况下) ● 计算、进而减负CPU负载 数据类型总体可分三种:数字、字符和时期 ㈠ 数字 ① 分类 ② 为整数类型指定宽度没啥意义、硬说呢、大概也

     慎重选择数据类型很重要、为啥哩?可以提高性能、原理如下:
     
     ● 存储(内存、磁盘)、从而节省I/O(检索相同数据情况下)
     ● 计算、进而减负CPU负载
     
     数据类型总体可分三种:数字、字符和时期

     
     ㈠ 数字
     
        

        ① 分类


            MySQL 数据类型的最优选择


        ② 为整数类型指定宽度没啥意义、硬说呢、大概也是为了显示字符的个数、人性化点
           因为、对于存储和计算而言、INT(1)和INT(100)是相同的
           
        ③ 对于浮点、建议只指定数据类型、而不要指定精度
        
        ④ 对于定点、尽量只在对小数精确计算时才使用、如存储财务数据
           但天朝某些财务软件在其数据库内使用float作为工资类型
           赤裸裸的资本家的丑恶展现、鄙视!!!
           
        ⑤ 在数据量较大时、建议把实数类型转为整数类型
           原因很简单:
             ● 浮点不精确
             ● 定点计算代价昂贵
           例如:
           要存放财务数据精确到万分之一、则可以把所有金额乘以一百万、然后存在BIGINT下

           
     
     
     ㈡ 字符串
        
        
        ① 分类

          

                    MySQL 数据类型的最优选择


        ② 数据如何存储取决于存储引擎
           char和varchar在不同引擎在内存和磁盘可能是不一样的
           不过、对于char、在填充和截取上是一样的、因为、
           这部分是在Server层完成的
           
        ③ 常见 char 使用场景
           
           ● 很短的字符串或所有值都接近同一个长度、如存储密码的MD5值
           ● 经常变更的列、因为char产生的碎片少
           ● 非常短的列、如性别、char(1)的效率更好、毕竟varchar(1)浪费了1一个字节
           
        ④ 和字符集的那点猫腻
           
           CSDN 有个讨论非常热的帖子:有人认为unicode跟utf-8是等同的吗? 点击看讨论贴
           我赶脚、这其实没啥好讨论的、因为、这两个根本就是两回事
           Unicode 是字符编码
           utf8 是字符集
           
           对Unicode编码的字符集、墙裂建议使用varchar 
           显然、utf8 也是Unicode 编码的、而且、随着国际化趋势、utf8 是首选
           那么、结果是、在char 和 varchar 竞争里、varchar 便是最大赢家

           
           可通过下列方法查看MySQL Unicode支持的字符集以及当前的字符集

mysql> select CHARACTER_SET_NAME from character_sets 
    ->  where DESCRIPTION like '%Unicode%'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: utf8
*************************** 2. row ***************************
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: ucs2
*************************** 3. row ***************************
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: utf8mb4
*************************** 4. row ***************************
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: utf16
*************************** 5. row ***************************
CHARACTER_SET_NAME: utf32
5 rows in set (0.06 sec)




mysql> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.16, for Linux (i686) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          1
Current database:       information_schema
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.5.16-log Source distribution
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 2 min 9 sec
Copy after login


     
        ⑤ 对于InnoDB 建议使用varchar
           现在很多场合都使用了InnoDB、算下来、varchar 又赢了
           
        ⑥ 存储大数据
           
           ● BLOB:采用二进制存储、没有字符集或排序规则
           ● TEXT:采用字符方式存储、有字符集和排序规则
           
           最好尽量避免使用这两、如果可以、可以把BLOB货TEXT 列分离成单独的表
           
           对于使用了BLOB或TEXT大量删除或更新时、
           建议定期使用 optimize table 碎片整理 

           
           
           
     ㈢ 日期和时间类型
        
        常见的有 datatime、timestamp 和 date
        从存储上看、timestamp 占 4 个字节、其他两个 8 个字节
        所以、若无意外、最好尽量使用 timestamp 、即使它比较调皮、例如和时区相关

        
        
                                           
                                           
                                           By David Lin 
                                           2013-06-02
                                           Good Luck

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning Apr 10, 2025 am 09:29 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

How to open phpmyadmin How to open phpmyadmin Apr 10, 2025 pm 10:51 PM

You can open phpMyAdmin through the following steps: 1. Log in to the website control panel; 2. Find and click the phpMyAdmin icon; 3. Enter MySQL credentials; 4. Click "Login".

MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database Apr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Apr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

How to use single threaded redis How to use single threaded redis Apr 10, 2025 pm 07:12 PM

Redis uses a single threaded architecture to provide high performance, simplicity, and consistency. It utilizes I/O multiplexing, event loops, non-blocking I/O, and shared memory to improve concurrency, but with limitations of concurrency limitations, single point of failure, and unsuitable for write-intensive workloads.

MySQL and SQL: Essential Skills for Developers MySQL and SQL: Essential Skills for Developers Apr 10, 2025 am 09:30 AM

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.

MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming Apr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

Monitor Redis Droplet with Redis Exporter Service Monitor Redis Droplet with Redis Exporter Service Apr 10, 2025 pm 01:36 PM

Effective monitoring of Redis databases is critical to maintaining optimal performance, identifying potential bottlenecks, and ensuring overall system reliability. Redis Exporter Service is a powerful utility designed to monitor Redis databases using Prometheus. This tutorial will guide you through the complete setup and configuration of Redis Exporter Service, ensuring you seamlessly build monitoring solutions. By studying this tutorial, you will achieve fully operational monitoring settings

See all articles