Oracle体系结构及备份(四)server-process
一 什么是服务器进程 除了 Oracle 的后台进程外,还有一些进程是代表用户的,称为服务器进程。这些服务器进程负责按照用户的要求检索数据,并将结果返回给用户。此外,还负责为用户修改缓冲区高数缓存中的数据。 当用户连接到 Oracle 数据库服务器时,会创建
一 什么是服务器进程
除了Oracle的后台进程外,还有一些进程是代表用户的,称为服务器进程。这些服务器进程负责按照用户的要求检索数据,并将结果返回给用户。此外,还负责为用户修改缓冲区高数缓存中的数据。
当用户连接到Oracle数据库服务器时,会创建一个代表用户的服务器进程,有时也称为影子进程(shadow process).服务器进程与用户通信,并通过与Oracle交互来完成用户请求。
例如:用户请求了一段不在SGA中的数据,服务器进程负责把数据块从数据文件中读入SGA。用户进程与服务器进程可以是一对一的关系(配置为专用服务器模式时)。一个服务器也可连接多个用户进程(配置为多线程服务器时),但这样做会减少对系统资源的利用。
二 PGA
1.概念
PGA(Program Global Area), 程序全局区,是Oracle用户进程使用的一个内存区域。
2.PGA特性
一个用户进程对应一个PGA,与SGA不同就是PGA是非共享的。主要用于用户在运行程序时的使用的变量空间。如果使用的是共享服务器配置,那么PGA的会话信息可能被存在SGA中。
共享服务器结构允许用户进程使用同一个服务器进程,提供内存利用率。
PGA是在以后进程连接到Oracle数据库并创建一个会话时由Oracle自动分配。会话结束,PGA被释放。 PGA存储如绑定变量,排序区,游标处理的内容。
SGA存放SQL PL/SQL的分析信息,但用户要根据执行select update语句的值不能被共享,这些不能共享的就在PGA中。
3.PGA管理
9i自动管理,PGA aggregate target指定使用内存上限大小。可以动态修改,只在专用服务器模式有效。workarea_size_policy manua | auto参数打开与关闭自动管理功能。手动修改 sort_area_size hash_area_size也可控制PGA使用率。
10G后全自动管理,专用/共享服务器模式有效,v$pgastat pga的统计信息。v$pga_target_advice 预测信息,供修改参考。
三 操作示例
[oracle@localhost 桌面]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-MAY-2013 19:33:25 Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /oracle/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /oracle/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /oracle/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 27-MAY-2013 19:33:27 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/oracle//product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost 桌面]$ sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon May 27 19:33:34 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enter user-name: / ERROR: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory Enter user-name: / as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes Fixed Size 1218316 bytes Variable Size 71305460 bytes Database Buffers 92274688 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes sDatabase mounted. Database opened. SQL> show parameter pga; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ pga_aggregate_target big integer 90M SQL> show parameter work; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ fileio_network_adapters string workarea_size_policy string AUTO SQL> show parameter sort_ NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ sort_area_retained_size integer 0 sort_area_size integer 65536 SQL> show parameter hash; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ hash_area_size integer 131072
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