数组中出现2次
假设你有一个用1001个整数组成的数组,这些整数是任意排列的,但是你知道所有的整数都在1到1000(包括1000)之间。此外,除一个数字出现两次外,其他所有数字只出现一次。假设你 只能对这个数组做一次处理 ,用一种算法找出重复的那个数字。 如果你在运算中使
假设你有一个用1001个整数组成的数组,这些整数是任意排列的,但是你知道所有的整数都在1到1000(包括1000)之间。此外,除一个数字出现两次外,其他所有数字只出现一次。假设你只能对这个数组做一次处理,用一种算法找出重复的那个数字。如果你在运算中使用了辅助的存储方式,那么你能找到不用这种方式的算法吗?分析:
方法一、若使用辅助的存储方式,该选择何种存储方式呢?可使用hash的存储方式,以1到1000作为hash表的索引,遍历原数组,统计各数字出现的个数并存储到以该数字为索引值的hash表中,若某个hash[x]的值为2则退出循环,x就是重复出现两次的数字。时间复杂度最坏是O(n)。优点:高效率,缺点:消耗的内存空间过大。代码如下:
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
- int fun1(const int a[])
- {
- int hash[1002]={0};
- int x=0;
- for(int i = 0; i
- {
- if((++hash[a[i]]) == 2)
- {
- x = a[i];
- break;
- }
- }
- return x;
- }
int fun1(const int a[]) { int hash[1002]={0}; int x=0; for(int i = 0; i <p><span>方法二</span><span>、<u>若不使用辅助的存储方式呢</u>?</span><span>已<span><span>知</span><span>1001个整数组成的数组只有一个数字出现了两次,且整数都在1到1000之间,</span></span><span>所以可推得数组里面包含了1到1000之间的所有数字为[1,2,3……1000]和一个出现两次的x为1到1000中的任一个数字。这样就可以计算原数组里的所有数字之和S1和等差数列[1,2,3……1000]</span></span><span>的和</span>S2,再计算S1与S2之差,该差就是原数组中出现两次的数字x。时间复杂度是固定的O(n)。<span>优缺点:内存空间消耗几乎没有,但是效率要输于使用hash表的存储方式。</span>代码如下:</p> <p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>[cpp]</strong> view plaincopyprint?</p> <ol> <li><span><span>int</span><span> fun2(</span><span>const</span><span> </span><span>int</span><span> a[]) </span></span></li> <li><span>{ </span></li> <li><span> <span>int</span><span> s1=0,s2; </span></span></li> <li><span> s2 = 1001*1000/2; </span></li> <li><span> <span>for</span><span>(</span><span>int</span><span> i = 0; i</span></span></li> <li><span> { </span></li> <li><span> s1+=a[i]; </span></li> <li><span> } </span></li> <li><span> <span>return</span><span> s1-s2; </span></span></li> <li><span>} </span></li> </ol>

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