ApacheServer设置虚拟WEB
unix 平台与NT平台使用apache server的 设置 相同。以下重点以unix平台为例说明apache server的 设置 。另外值得注意的是, 虚拟 web的成功 设置 ,有大约50%的工作量是在域名的注册与解析方面。所以一般先注册好域名然后再做 虚拟 WEB 设置 。 一 、IP型 虚
unix 平台与NT平台使用apache server的设置相同。以下重点以unix平台为例说明apache server的设置。另外值得注意的是,虚拟web的成功设置,有大约50%的工作量是在域名的注册与解析方面。所以一般先注册好域名然后再做虚拟WEB 设置。一 、IP型虚拟主机
IP型虚拟主机指每一虚拟主机对应唯一的IP。可通过多个物理网卡或虚拟网口实现多IP,Solaris2.5和Windows NT都支持这种方式。
两种配置多虚拟主机的方法:
1、为每一虚拟主机启动一个httpd进程。
下列情况下使用此方法:
1) 需考虑安全隔离问题,如两个httpd运行于不同的User、Group、Listen、ServerRoot,两者用户除通过Web相互浏览数据,无法访问其他数据。
2) 能提供足够内存和文件描述器。
设置方法:
为每一虚拟主机建立一个独立的httpd安装,在每一个安装路径的配置文件httpd.conf里,用Listen指令指定进程服务的IP,如:Listen 10.68.37.10:80
2、为所有虚拟主机启动一个httpd进程。
下列情况下使用此方法:
1) 允许在虚拟主机间共享httpd配置。
2) 计算机服务于大量的请求,运行多个进程使服务器性能降低成为重要考虑因素。
设置方法:
在配置文件httpd.conf里,用VirtualHost指令为每一虚拟主机设置ServerAdmin、ServerName、DocumentRoot、 ErrorLog、TransferLog或CustomLog,如:
〈VirtualHost www.smallco.com〉 #此处建议用IP
ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.smallco.com
DocumentRoot /usr/local/etc/httpd/htdocs/smallco
ServerName www.smallco.com #建议此处用域名
ErrorLog /usr/local/etc/httpd/logs/smallco/error_log
TransferLog /usr/local/etc/httpd/logs/smallco/access_log
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost www.baygroup.org〉 #此处建议用IP
ServerAdmin webmaster@mail.baygroup.org
DocumentRoot /groups/baygroup/www
ServerName www.baygroup.org #建议此处用域名
ErrorLog /groups/baygroup/logs/error_log
TransferLog /groups/baygroup/logs/access_log
〈/VirtualHost〉
同时要做虚拟网口或网卡的配置,在DNS也要做相应设置。
二 、名字型虚拟主机(Apache1.3以上版本支持)
IP型虚拟主机虽好,但不是最佳方案。它要求每一虚拟主机有一专用 IP,在某些机器上难于实现。名字型虚拟主机是指每一虚拟主机的名字不相同,但IP一样。它的好处是不限制虚拟主机数量,配置、使用简单,不需另外的软硬件。缺点是客户端必须支持该部分协议,最近版本的浏览器都支持,某些老版本浏览器不支持。但Apache为此提供了解决方法。
设置方法:
在配置文件httpd.conf里,用NameVirtualHost指令设置虚拟主机,如:
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉 #建议此处用IP
ServerName www.domain.tld #建议此处用域名
DocumentRoot /web/domain
〈/VirtualHost〉
同时,在DNS定义www.domain.tld指向111.22.33.44。
注意:当在NameVirtualHost指令后使用IP时,任何使用IP的URL请求都是针对虚拟主机的,主服务器从不会响应一个使用IP的URL 请求。另外,有些服务器希望以多个名字被访问。例如,假设有某一IP的服务器,希望以名domain.tld、www2.domain.tld都能被访问,做法是在VirtualHost指令部分使用ServerAlias指令。如:ServerAlias domain.tld *.domain.tld
另附一些虚拟主机的设置实例。
附:虚拟主机设置实例
IP型的虚拟主机配置
Setup 1: 服务器有两个IP,
111.22.33.44 server.domain.tld
111.22.33.55 www.otherdomain.tld
www.domain.tld 是server.domain.tld 的别名(CNAME),代表主服务器。
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55〉
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
Setup 2: 基本同Setup1,但不设置专门的主服务器。
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
ServerName server.domain.tld
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55〉
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
这种设置只有当URL为http://server.domain.tld时才击中主服务器
Setup 3: 服务器有两个IP,
111.22.33.44 server.domain.tld
111.22.33.55 www-cache.domain.tld
www.domain.tld 是server.domain.tld 的别名(CNAME),代表主服务器。
www-cache.domain.tld是proxy-cache,端口是8080,Web服务器使用默认的80。
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
Listen 111.22.33.44:80
Listen 111.22.33.55:8080
ServerName server.domain.tld
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80〉
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55:8080〉
ServerName www-cache.domain.tld
...
〈Directory proxy:〉
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 111.22.33
〈/Directory〉
〈/VirtualHost〉
名字型虚拟主机配置
Setup 1: 服务器有一个IP,
111.22.33.44 server.domain.tld.
www.domain.tld和www.sub.domain.tld是别名(CNAMEs) 。
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
ServerName server.domain.tld
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
若使用IP访问服务器,由于 www.domain.tld 有最高优先级,被认为是默认服务器或
第一服务器。
Setup 2:服务器有两个IP,
111.22.33.44 server1.domain.tld 用于主服务器
111.22.33.55 server2.domain.tld 用于虚拟主机
别名www.domain.tld用于主服务器,
别名www.otherdomain.tld用于一个虚拟主机,
别名www.sub.domain.tld,*.sub.domain.tld 用于另一虚拟主机,
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
ServerName www.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/domain
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55〉
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55〉
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
混合型(IP/名字)虚拟主机配置
Setup:服务器有三个IP,
111.22.33.44 server.domain.tld 用于名字型虚拟主机
111.22.33.55 www.otherdomain1.tld 用于IP型虚拟主机
111.22.33.66 www.otherdomain2.tld 用于IP型虚拟主机
服务器配置:
...
Port 80
ServerName server.domain.tld
NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/domain
ServerName www.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain1
ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44〉
DocumentRoot /www/subdomain2
ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.55〉
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain1
ServerName www.otherdomain1.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.66〉
DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain2
ServerName www.otherdomain2.tld
...
〈/VirtualHost〉
端口型虚拟主机配置
Setup: 服务器有一个IP,
111.22.33.44 www.domain.tld
不需要另外的别名或IP,采用端口型虚拟主机即可设置一个配置有别于主服务器的虚
拟主机。
服务器配置:
...
Listen 80
Listen 8080
ServerName www.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/domain
〈VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080〉
DocumentRoot /www/domain2
...
〈/VirtualHost〉

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