Home > Database > Mysql Tutorial > body text

Bash实用技巧:同时循环两个列表

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-07 15:10:47
Original
1409 people have browsed it

摘要: 你会学到一种原创的同时循环两个列表的方法。类似于Python或者Haskell的zip函数,非常简洁直观,效果如下: $ paste ( seq 1 5 ) ( seq 129 133 ) | while read host ip; do echo " vm$host: 172.16.116.$ip " ; done vm1: 172.16 . 116.129 vm2: 172

摘要:

你会学到一种原创的同时循环两个列表的方法。类似于Python或者Haskell的zip函数,非常简洁直观,效果如下:

$ paste seq <span>1</span> <span>5</span>) seq <span>129</span> <span>133</span>) | <span>while</span> read host ip; <span>do</span> <span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>vm$host: 172.16.116.$ip</span><span>"</span>; <span>done</span><span>

vm1: </span><span>172.16</span>.<span>116.129</span><span>
vm2: </span><span>172.16</span>.<span>116.130</span><span>
vm3: </span><span>172.16</span>.<span>116.131</span><span>
vm4: </span><span>172.16</span>.<span>116.132</span><span>
vm5: </span><span>172.16</span>.<span>116.133</span>
Copy after login

详情:

在实际应用中,经常需要我们输入对应的两个列表,比如主机名和IP:

vm110 <span>172.18</span>.<span>11.129</span><span>

vm111 </span><span>172.18</span>.<span>11.130</span><span>

...</span>
Copy after login

如果有很多的话,使用awk处理一个临时文件,然后使用while read来循环是不错的(例如从Excel里面拷贝成文本文件,然后用awk提取相应的列到一个文件):

<span>awk</span> <span>'</span><span>{print $1 $3}</span><span>'</span> orig.txt | <span>while</span> read host ip; <span>do</span> <span>echo</span> $host : $ip; <span>done</span> 

<p>但是,有没有能直接在命令行上生成这些列表并循环的方法呢?因为我更喜欢用for i in vm{110..120}; do echo $i; done这种方式来循环列表,但是这种方式只支持一个列表,怎么找到对应的另一个列表呢?</p>
<p>直接google,就会发现没有什么好的方法(以下均来自StackOverflow):</p>
<p>1、有的直接使用bash的数组甚至hash表,都是较新的版本才有,然后使用数字index来循环。这种方法一点也不直观:</p>
<p>
</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">list1=<span>"</span><span>a b c</span><span>"</span><span>
list2</span>=<span>"</span><span>1 2 3</span><span>"</span><span>
array1</span>=<span>($list1)
array2</span>=<span>($list2)

count</span>=<span>${#array1[@]}
</span><span>for</span> i <span>in</span> `<span>seq</span> <span>1</span><span> $count`
</span><span>do</span>
    <span>echo</span> ${array1[$i-<span>1</span>]} ${array2[$i-<span>1</span><span>]}
</span><span>done</span>
Copy after login

谁也不想写类似${#array1[@]}这样的复杂表达,因为我们不是在编程,而是在输入一条命令。

2、有的使用了各种正则表达式命令,我一眼看不出来什么意思,没人会为了循环两个列表,去专门写一个脚本文件:

#!/bin/<span>sh</span><span>
list1</span>=<span>"</span><span>1 2 3</span><span>"</span><span>
list2</span>=<span>"</span><span>a b c</span><span>"</span>
<span>while</span> [ -n <span>"</span><span>$list1</span><span>"</span><span> ]
</span><span>do</span><span>
    head1</span>=`<span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>$list1</span><span>"</span> | <span>cut</span> -d <span>'</span> <span>'</span> -f <span>1</span><span>`
    list1</span>=`<span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>$list1</span><span>"</span> | <span>sed</span> <span>'</span><span>s/[^ ]* *\(.*\)$/\1/</span><span>'</span><span>`
    head2</span>=`<span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>$list2</span><span>"</span> | <span>cut</span> -d <span>'</span> <span>'</span> -f <span>1</span><span>`
    list2</span>=`<span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>$list2</span><span>"</span> | <span>sed</span> <span>'</span><span>s/[^ ]* *\(.*\)$/\1/</span><span>'</span><span>`
    </span><span>echo</span><span> $head1 $head2
</span><span>done</span>
Copy after login

还有其他几种,有兴趣的可以去看看,http://stackoverflow.com/questions/546817/iterating-over-two-lists-in-parallel-in-bin-sh。

但是有一种方法提醒了我:

list1=<span>"</span><span>aaa1 aaa2 aaa3</span><span>"</span><span>
list2</span>=<span>"</span><span>bbb1 bbb2 bbb3</span><span>"</span><span>

tmpfile1</span>=$( <span>mktemp</span> /tmp/list.XXXXXXXXXX ) || exit <span>1</span><span>
tmpfile2</span>=$( <span>mktemp</span> /tmp/list.XXXXXXXXXX ) || exit <span>1</span>

<span>echo</span> $list1 | <span>tr</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span><span>\n</span><span>'</span>  ><span> $tmpfile1
</span><span>echo</span> $list2 | <span>tr</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span><span>\n</span><span>'</span>  ><span> $tmpfile2

paste  $tmpfile1  $tmpfile2

</span><span>rm</span> --force $tmpfile1  $tmpfile2
Copy after login

这种方法创建了两个临时文件,好像还不如前面的方法,但是在我看来,这很有启发性:他使用了paste来结合两个列表,这是linux下原生的合并列表命令,相当于其他语言的zip。

另外,临时文件也可以避免,因此我想出了以下的方法(并不推荐):

paste echo vm{<span>1</span>..<span>5</span>} | <span>tr</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span><span>\n</span><span>'</span>) echo <span>172.16</span>.<span>116</span>.{<span>129</span>..<span>133</span>} | <span>tr</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span> <span>'</span><span>\n</span><span>'</span>) | <span>while</span> read host ip; <span>do</span> <span>echo</span> $host: $ip; <span>done</span>
Copy after login

其中vm{1..5}会产生“vm1 vm2 vm3 vm4 vm5”,以空格分隔,而paste是把两个列文件合并成一个,所以必须把空格替换成换行,这就是tr做的事。明显使用tr很不好,增加了命令的复杂度。

另外

于是我想到了seq,好像可以指定分隔符,一查文档,居然默认就是换行,于是命令得以大幅简化:

paste seq <span>1</span> <span>5</span>) seq <span>129</span> <span>133</span>) | <span>while</span> read host ip; <span>do</span> <span>echo</span> <span>"</span><span>vm$host: 172.16.116.$ip</span><span>"</span>; <span>done</span><span><br></span>
Copy after login

这个命令可以循环2个及以上同等长度的列表,而且非常直观。就是开头提到的方法。

Related labels:
source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template