转: SQLServer Case具有两种格式:简单Case函数和Case搜索函数
转载自: http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo/article/details/5546868 Case 具有 两种 格式 。 简单 Case 函数 和Case 搜索 函数 。 -- 简单 Case 函数 CASE sex WHEN ' 1 ' THEN ' 男 ' WHEN ' 2 ' THEN ' 女 ' ELSE ' 其他 ' END -- Case 搜索 函数 CASE WHE
转载自:
http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo/article/details/5546868
Case具有两种格式。简单Case函数和Case搜索函数。
--
简单Case函数
CASE
sex
WHEN
'
1
'
THEN
'
男
'
WHEN
'
2
'
THEN
'
女
'
ELSE
'
其他
'
END
--
Case搜索函数
CASE
WHEN
sex
=
'
1
'
THEN
'
男
'
WHEN
sex
=
'
2
'
THEN
'
女
'
ELSE
'
其他
'
END
这两种方式,可以实现相同的功能。简单Case函数的写法相对比较简洁,但是和Case搜索函数相比,功能方面会有些限制,比如写判断式。
还有一个需要注意的问题,Case函数只返回第一个符合条件的值,剩下的Case部分将会被自动忽略。
--
比如说,下面这段SQL,你永远无法得到“第二类”这个结果
CASE
WHEN
col_1
IN
(
'
a
'
,
'
b
'
)
THEN
'
第一类
'
WHEN
col_1
IN
(
'
a
'
)
THEN
'
第二类
'
ELSE
'
其他
'
END
下面我们来看一下,使用Case函数都能做些什么事情。
一,已知数据按照另外一种方式进行分组,分析。
有如下数据:(为了看得更清楚,我并没有使用国家代码,而是直接用国家名作为Primary
Key
)
国家(country) 人口(population)
中国
600
美国
100
加拿大
100
英国
200
法国
300
日本
250
德国
200
墨西哥
50
印度
250
根据这个国家人口数据,统计亚洲和北美洲的人口数量。应该得到下面这个结果。
洲 人口
亚洲
1100
北美洲
250
其他
700
想要解决这个问题,你会怎么做?生成一个带有洲Code的View,是一个解决方法,但是这样很难动态的改变统计的方式。
如果使用Case函数,SQL代码如下:
SELECT
SUM
(population),
CASE
country
WHEN
'
中国
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
印度
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
日本
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
美国
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
WHEN
'
加拿大
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
WHEN
'
墨西哥
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
ELSE
'
其他
'
END
FROM
Table_A
GROUP
BY
CASE
country
WHEN
'
中国
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
印度
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
日本
'
THEN
'
亚洲
'
WHEN
'
美国
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
WHEN
'
加拿大
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
WHEN
'
墨西哥
'
THEN
'
北美洲
'
ELSE
'
其他
'
END
;
同样的,我们也可以用这个方法来判断工资的等级,并统计每一等级的人数。SQL代码如下;
SELECT
CASE
WHEN
salary
500
THEN
'
1
'
WHEN
salary
>
500
AND
salary
600
THEN
'
2
'
WHEN
salary
>
600
AND
salary
800
THEN
'
3
'
WHEN
salary
>
800
AND
salary
1000
THEN
'
4
'
ELSE
NULL
END
salary_class,
COUNT
(
*
)
FROM
Table_A
GROUP
BY
CASE
WHEN
salary
500
THEN
'
1
'
WHEN
salary
>
500
AND
salary
600
THEN
'
2
'
WHEN
salary
>
600
AND
salary
800
THEN
'
3
'
WHEN
salary
>
800
AND
salary
1000
THEN
'
4
'
ELSE
NULL
END
;
二,用一个SQL语句完成不同条件的分组。
有如下数据
国家(country) 性别(sex) 人口(population)
中国
1
340
中国
2
260
美国
1
45
美国
2
55
加拿大
1
51
加拿大
2
49
英国
1
40
英国
2
60
按照国家和性别进行分组,得出结果如下
国家 男 女
中国
340
260
美国
45
55
加拿大
51
49
英国
40
60
普通情况下,用UNION也可以实现用一条语句进行查询。但是那样增加消耗(两个Select部分),而且SQL语句会比较长。
下面是一个是用Case函数来完成这个功能的例子
SELECT
country,
SUM
(
CASE
WHEN
sex
=
'
1
'
THEN
population
ELSE
0
END
),
--
男性人口
SUM
(
CASE
WHEN
sex
=
'
2
'
THEN
population
ELSE
0
END
)
--
女性人口
FROM
Table_A
GROUP
BY
country;
这样我们使用Select,完成对二维表的输出形式,充分显示了Case函数的强大。
三,在Check中使用Case函数。
在Check中使用Case函数在很多情况下都是非常不错的解决方法。可能有很多人根本就不用Check,那么我建议你在看过下面的例子之后也尝试一下在SQL中使用Check。
下面我们来举个例子
公司A,这个公司有个规定,女职员的工资必须高于1000块。如果用Check和Case来表现的话,如下所示
CONSTRAINT
check_salary
CHECK
(
CASE
WHEN
sex
=
'
2
'
THEN
CASE
WHEN
salary
>
1000
THEN
1
ELSE
0
END
ELSE
1
END
=
1
)
如果单纯使用Check,如下所示
CONSTRAINT
check_salary
CHECK
( sex
=
'
2
'
AND
salary
>
1000
)
女职员的条件倒是符合了,男职员就无法输入了。

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