LINQ-to-SQL那点事~LINQ-to-SQL中的数据缓存与应对
回到目录 这个文章写的有点滞后了，呵呵，因为总想把之前不确定的东西确定了之后，再写这篇，之前的LINQ-to-SQL那点事，请点这里。 LINQ-to-SQL中的数据缓存与应对 Linq-to-SQL它是微软自己推出的一个轻量级的ORM框架，它很好地完成了与SQLSERVER数据库的映
回到目录
这个文章写的有点滞后了，呵呵，因为总想把之前不确定的东西确定了之后，再写这篇，之前的LINQ-to-SQL那点事，请点这里。
LINQ-to-SQL中的数据缓存与应对
Linq-to-SQL它是微软自己推出的一个轻量级的ORM框架，它很好地完成了与SQLSERVER数据库的映射（它目前只支持SQLSERVER，也不会有以后的，因为微软不对它进行更新了），在使用它时，微软提出了“数据上下文”的概念，这个上下文（context）类似于HttpContext,RequestContext，是指对某种事物的完整的抽象，把对这种事物的操作都集成在上下文中。
Linq-to-SQL的上下文被称为DataContext，它进一步的封装了SQL语句，亮点在于它的查询上，支持延时查询，再配合linq的语法，使得开发人员在写代码时很优雅，代码表现力更强。
DataContext在性能方面提出了缓存的概念，它可以装查询出来的数据缓存到上下文中（这有时会产生并发问题），对于Insert,Update,Delete这类执行类操作也提供了缓存语句，每当SubmitChange方法被触发时，这时缓存的语句被一次性的提交到SQLSERVER，之后将当前上下文的缓存语句清空。
一个线程单例的数据上下文的提出：
当你希望把延时的数据返回到表示层时，DataContext如果被dispose之后，这种操作是不被允许的，这是正确的，因为你的数据上下文可能在表示层方法执行前已经被dispose了，一般这种代码会被这样书写：
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> IQueryable<order_info> GetOrder_Info(Expression<func style="color: #0000ff;">bool>><span style="color: #000000;"> predicate)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">using</span> (<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> datacontext = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> LinqDataContext())
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> datacontext.Where(predicate);
}
}</span></func></order_info>这段代码在执行上当然是有问题的，使用了using关键字后，在方法return这数据上下文DataContext将会被dispose，这是正常的，而由于linq语句返回的是IQueryable延时结果集，它将不会立即执行，只有真正返回数据时才会通过DataContext与SQLSERVER进行交互，而在上层方法中，由于DataContext这时已经被dispose了，所以，语句最终会报异常。
面对这种问题，我们知道了它的原因，所以接下来就寻找一种解决方法，即不叫DataContext立即dispose的方法，你可能会很容易的想到“把using去掉不就可以了”，事实上，如果你对linq to sql了解的话，这种做法是不可取的，因为这样，你在业务逻辑层无法实现“复杂查询，linq join”（一般地，我们为每个DAL层的表对象写几个方法，可能是根据条件去查询数据的方法），为什么呢？因为，对于一个linq查询语句来说，你的数据上下文必须是同一个才行，如果用户业务使用一个上下文，而订单业务使用另一个上下文，那么，这两个业务进行组成查询时，就会出现不同数据上下文的问题。
代码可能是这样：
<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> linq =<span style="color: #0000ff;">from</span> user <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> userBLL().GetModel()
join order </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> orderBLL().GetModel() on user.UserID equals order.UserID
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">select</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> user_Ext<br> {
...
}</span>为数据上下文添加一个工厂，用来生成由UI线程产生的数据上下文，再把这些上下文放在一个由UI线程作为键的字典里，当UI线程中的数据上下文在进行SubmitChange出现异常进，我们再将当然上下文dispose，并从数据上下文字典中移除它。
数据上下文工厂及数据上下文基类代码如下：
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 数据库建立工厂
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Created By : 张占岭
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Created Date：2011-10-14
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify By:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify Date:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify Reason:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">internal</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> DbFactory
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Fields
<span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">readonly</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span> strConn = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">test</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">].ToString();
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span><span style="color: #000000;"> System.Timers.Timer sysTimer;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">volatile</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> Dictionary<thread datacontext><span style="color: #000000;"> divDataContext;
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Constructors
<span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span><span style="color: #000000;"> DbFactory()
{
divDataContext </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> Dictionary<thread datacontext><span style="color: #000000;">();
sysTimer </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> System.Timers.Timer(<span style="color: #800080;">10000</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
sysTimer.AutoReset </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
sysTimer.Enabled </span>= <span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
sysTimer.Elapsed </span>+= <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(sysTimer_Elapsed);
sysTimer.Start();
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Private Methods
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 清理DbContext上下文
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="sender"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="e"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span> sysTimer_Elapsed(<span style="color: #0000ff;">object</span><span style="color: #000000;"> sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
List</span><thread> list =<span style="color: #000000;"> divDataContext.Keys
.Where(item </span>=> item.ThreadState ==<span style="color: #000000;"> ThreadState.Stopped)
.ToList();
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (list != <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span> && list.Count > <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> thread <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> list)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> context <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> divDataContext[thread])
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (context != <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
context.Dispose();
}
}
}
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Public Methods
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="dbName"></span><span style="color: #008000;">数据库名称(需要与真实数据库名称保持一致)</span><span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><returns></returns></span><span style="color: #008000;">LINQ数据库连接对象</span><span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> DataContext Intance(<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbName)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Intance(dbName, Thread.CurrentThread);
}
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 通过工厂的制造模式获取相应的LINQ数据库连接对象
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="dbName"></span><span style="color: #008000;">数据库名称(需要与真实数据库名称保持一致)</span><span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="thread"></span><span style="color: #008000;">当前线程引用的对象</span><span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><returns></returns></span><span style="color: #008000;">LINQ数据库连接对象</span><span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> DataContext Intance(<span style="color: #0000ff;">string</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbName, Thread thread)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (!<span style="color: #000000;">divDataContext.Keys.Contains(thread))
{
divDataContext.Add(thread, </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span> DataContext[<span style="color: #800080;">3</span><span style="color: #000000;">]);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (dbName.Equals(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">test</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">))
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (divDataContext[thread][<span style="color: #800080;">0</span>] == <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{
divDataContext[thread][</span><span style="color: #800080;">0</span>] = <span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> DAL.dbDataContext(strConn);
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> divDataContext[thread][<span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">];
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
}
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 手动清除数据上下文，根据线程
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><param name="thread"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">static</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ClearContextByThread(Thread thread, DataContext db)
{
divDataContext.Remove(thread);</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">从线程字典中移除</span>
db.Dispose();<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">释放数据资源</span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span><span style="color: #000000;">
}</span></thread></thread></thread>
下面是DataContext基类，已经对SubmitChanges(SaveChanges)方法进行了优化，手动dispose上下文。
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Repository基类
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 所有linqTosql上下文对象都继承它
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">abstract</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ContextBase
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">protected</span> DataContext _db { <span style="color: #0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">set</span><span style="color: #000000;">; }
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">protected</span> IUnitOfWork UnitOfWork { <span style="color: #0000ff;">get</span>; <span style="color: #0000ff;">private</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">set</span><span style="color: #000000;">; }
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> ContextBase(DataContext db)
{
_db </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> db;
UnitOfWork </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> (IUnitOfWork)db;
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">void</span><span style="color: #000000;"> SaveChanges()
{
ChangeSet cSet </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> _db.GetChangeSet();
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> ((cSet.Inserts.Count > <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>
|| cSet.Updates.Count > <span style="color: #800080;">0</span>
|| cSet.Deletes.Count > <span style="color: #800080;">0</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span>&& !<span style="color: #000000;">UnitOfWork.IsNotSubmit)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">try</span><span style="color: #000000;">
{
UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">catch</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (System.Data.Linq.ChangeConflictException)
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (System.Data.Linq.ObjectChangeConflict occ <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> _db.ChangeConflicts)
{
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 使用当前数据库中的值，覆盖Linq缓存中实体对象的值 </span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 使用Linq缓存中实体对象的值，覆盖当前数据库中的值 </span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.KeepCurrentValues);
</span><span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 只更新实体对象中改变的字段的值，其他的保留不变 </span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> occ.Resolve(System.Data.Linq.RefreshMode.KeepChanges);
}
UnitOfWork.SaveChanges();
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">catch</span> (Exception)<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果出现异常，就从数据字典中清除这个键值对</span>
<span style="color: #000000;"> {
DbFactory.ClearContextByThread(System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread, _db);
}
}
}
}</span>下面是一个领域的repository基类，代码如下：
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Test数据库基类
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Created By : 张占岭
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Created Date：2011-10-14
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify By:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify Date:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> Modify Reason:
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">abstract</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TestBase : ContextBase
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Constructors
<span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> EEE114Base()
: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">this</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">null</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
{ }
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">public</span><span style="color: #000000;"> EEE114Base(IUnitOfWork db)
: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">base</span>((DataContext)db ?? DbFactory.Intance(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">test</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">, Thread.CurrentThread))
{ }
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">#region</span> Protected Properies
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"><summary></summary></span>
<span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 可以使用的数据库连接对象
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span><span style="color: #008000;"> [xxb]
</span><span style="color: #808080;">///</span> <span style="color: #808080;"></span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">protected</span><span style="color: #000000;"> dbDataContext db
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">get</span><span style="color: #000000;">
{
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> (dbDataContext)<span style="color: #0000ff;">base</span><span style="color: #000000;">._db;
}
}
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">#endregion</span><span style="color: #000000;">
}
}</span>OK，这就是改善之后的linq to sql架构的核心代码，主要体现在生成数据上下文对象上，及如何去避免并发冲突的产生，而对于并发冲突我们会在另一篇文章中做详细的说明。敬请期待！
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The U.S. Air Force showcases its first AI fighter jet with high profile! The minister personally conducted the test drive without interfering during the whole process, and 100,000 lines of code were tested for 21 times.
May 07, 2024 pm 05:00 PM
Recently, the military circle has been overwhelmed by the news: US military fighter jets can now complete fully automatic air combat using AI. Yes, just recently, the US military’s AI fighter jet was made public for the first time and the mystery was unveiled. The full name of this fighter is the Variable Stability Simulator Test Aircraft (VISTA). It was personally flown by the Secretary of the US Air Force to simulate a one-on-one air battle. On May 2, U.S. Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall took off in an X-62AVISTA at Edwards Air Force Base. Note that during the one-hour flight, all flight actions were completed autonomously by AI! Kendall said - "For the past few decades, we have been thinking about the unlimited potential of autonomous air-to-air combat, but it has always seemed out of reach." However now,
Alibaba 7B multi-modal document understanding large model wins new SOTA
Apr 02, 2024 am 11:31 AM
New SOTA for multimodal document understanding capabilities! Alibaba's mPLUG team released the latest open source work mPLUG-DocOwl1.5, which proposed a series of solutions to address the four major challenges of high-resolution image text recognition, general document structure understanding, instruction following, and introduction of external knowledge. Without further ado, let’s look at the effects first. One-click recognition and conversion of charts with complex structures into Markdown format: Charts of different styles are available: More detailed text recognition and positioning can also be easily handled: Detailed explanations of document understanding can also be given: You know, "Document Understanding" is currently An important scenario for the implementation of large language models. There are many products on the market to assist document reading. Some of them mainly use OCR systems for text recognition and cooperate with LLM for text processing.
Tesla robots work in factories, Musk: The degree of freedom of hands will reach 22 this year!
May 06, 2024 pm 04:13 PM
The latest video of Tesla's robot Optimus is released, and it can already work in the factory. At normal speed, it sorts batteries (Tesla's 4680 batteries) like this: The official also released what it looks like at 20x speed - on a small "workstation", picking and picking and picking: This time it is released One of the highlights of the video is that Optimus completes this work in the factory, completely autonomously, without human intervention throughout the process. And from the perspective of Optimus, it can also pick up and place the crooked battery, focusing on automatic error correction: Regarding Optimus's hand, NVIDIA scientist Jim Fan gave a high evaluation: Optimus's hand is the world's five-fingered robot. One of the most dexterous. Its hands are not only tactile
