设计和实施 Oracle RAC 项目
欢迎进入Oracle社区论坛，与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 Oracle 真正应用集群 (RAC) 是 RDBMS 市场中的最佳数据库集群。Oracle RAC 的配置选项和特性为公司提供设计其高可用性解决方案的广泛的灵活性。但是，如何使用所有配置选项、特性和灵活性成功地实施
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Oracle 真正应用集群 (RAC) 是 RDBMS 市场中的最佳数据库集群。Oracle RAC 的配置选项和特性为公司提供设计其高可用性解决方案的广泛的灵活性。但是，如何使用所有配置选项、特性和灵活性成功地实施？
本文是定义、设计和提供成功 Oracle RAC 项目的指南。它详细介绍了减少风险和增加成功实施机会的详细步骤。此外，它还突出了您在实施 Oracle RAC 项目过程中可能会犯的错误，并提供了避免这些错误的建议。
尽管这篇文章侧重于 Oracle RAC，但下列步骤对许多种 Oracle 实施项目均试用。（注意，本指南仅用于提供信息，无论在何种情形下，您都不可将其视为咨询服务。）
下面我们开始吧！
确定需求
成功实施 Oracle RAC 的第一个重要阶段是确定项目的真实目标。“确定 需求”一步涉及识别和记录项目实施阶段要提供的特性和功能。
在实施 Oracle RAC 过程中，您还要经常核对这些需求。将需求记录成文将有助于实施 Oracle RAC 项目。否则，您将发现该项目难以管理，这是因为在项目实施过程中会不断出现意料不到的新问题。
避免错误的方法 1： 确保关键业务和技术人员积极地参加项目需求的确定。明确地将所有需求传达给项目负责人，包括关键的管理人员、技术人员以及最终用户。
第 1 步 ― 确定项目范围
“确定需求”阶段的第一步就是确定项目范围。项目范围是用于论证项目业务需求的一系列细项，它说明了项目的可交付成果。项目范围有时也称为“业务需求”。
要确定项目范围，请回答下列问题：
- 项目的业务目标是什么？
- 项目要完成什么工作？
- 项目成功会带来哪些重要好处？
以下是一个详细说明一个 Oracle RAC 示例的高级目标的项目范围文档。
|
理由 |
我们实施 Oracle RAC 是为了使我们的应用程序可伸缩和高度可用，以及为我们的客户提供更可靠的服务。 |
|
目标/可交付产品 |
该项目的最终产品将是一个新的 Oracle RAC 系统，它支持在我们的服务等级要求文档中详细规定的服务等级*。*见下面的附件 |
|
项目日程限制 |
该项目必须在 2006 8 月 前完成。 |
|
项目成本限制 |
项目成本应不超过 $XXX,XXX。 |
避免错误的方法 2： 努力使项目目标量化。您将能重新核对这些目标，掌握整个项目的完成情况。量化目标的工作包括记录项目日程和成本限制。
第 2 步 ? 确定项目团队
确定项目团队就要确定为项目制定交付目标的人和愿意完成项目方案中的任务的人。这些人可能来自组织的多个部门，如决策人员、业务分析人员和技术人员。
下表是典型 Oracle RAC 项目的人员组成，并列明了他们的职能和完成项目所采取的步骤。
|
角色 |
职责 |
参与阶段 |
Oracle RAC?具体任务 |
|
决策人 |
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|
IT 经理 |
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|
项目经理 |
|
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|
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数据库管理员 |
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|
|
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网络管理员 |
|
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|
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系统管理员 |
|
|
|
|
应用程序开发人员 |
|
|
|
|
测试人员 |
|
|
|
|
应用程序用户 |
|
|
|
Oracle RAC 项目团队成员的职责会因地制宜，这取决于场地的大小和系统需求。
在组建该项目团队的时候，可能无法找到最合适的人员，因此，您只能找到可用 的人员。在这种情况下，对项目团队成员进行适当的技术培训可以降低实施风险。技术培训通常可以降低项目风险和较高质量地完成项目。
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