Home Database Mysql Tutorial 【mysql案例】Failed toopen log--datadir物理迁移报错

【mysql案例】Failed toopen log--datadir物理迁移报错

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:19 PM
mysql Case

1.1.1.mysql5.6.14的datadir迁移时遇到报错 【环境描述】 在机器A上安装了perconamysql 5.6.14,数据库停启正常,datadir路径为pathA,并且已经做了应用数据库的初始化工作,然后关闭了这个数据库实例,把它的datadir和/etc/my.cnf迁移到另外一台机器B上的pe

1.1.1. mysql5.6.14的datadir迁移时遇到报错

【环境描述】

         在机器A上安装了perconamysql 5.6.14,数据库停启正常,datadir路径为pathA,并且已经做了应用数据库的初始化工作,然后关闭了这个数据库实例,把它的datadir和/etc/my.cnf迁移到另外一台机器B上的percona mysql 5.6.14,迁移后的datadir路径修改成路径pathB,在启动mysql服务的时候遇到问题,启动失败。

 

操作步骤:

1)   停掉机器A上的mysql

service mysql stop

2)   对机器A上mysql的datadir(路径pathA)和my.cnf做打包,传输到机器B,并把datadir解压到pathB

3)   在机器B上安装percona mysql 5.6.14

4)   使用机器A传输过来的my.cnf覆盖机器B的/etc/my.cnf

5)   修改机器B的/etc/my.cnf中datadir路径为pathB

6)   在机器B上执行service mysql start启动mysql服务

7)   启动失败,发生报错

 

【mysql报错】

启动时的报错servicemysql start:

Starting MySQL(Percona Server)......Theserver quit without[FAILED]ng PID file(/home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql.pid).

 

错误日志中的报错:

/usr/sbin/mysqld: File '/home/mysql_3306/mysql-bin.000003'not found (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [ERROR] Failed toopen log (file '/home/mysql_3306/mysql-bin.000003', errno 2)

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [ERROR] Could notopen log file

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [ERROR] Can'tinit tc log

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [ERROR] Aborting

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [Note] Binlog end

2014-04-25 22:26:47 27048 [Note] Shuttingdown plugin 'partition'

 

已经修改了my.cnf配置文件中所有的路径,但是Mysql仍然说找不到'/home/mysql_3306/mysql-bin.000003'路径的文件,从报错看上去很诡异。

 

【问题原因】

Mysql报错提示找不到binlog,是由于my.cnf中配置了:

         log-bin= /home/mysql_3306/mysql-bin

         log-bin-index= /home/mysql_3306/bin-index

mysql会在log-bin-index参数指定的文件中维护log-bin的索引列表,并且它是以绝对路径的方式记录的:

         /home/mysql_3306?mysql-bin.000001

         /home/mysql_3306?mysql-bin.000002

         /home/mysql_3306?mysql-bin.000003

虽然已经把/etc/my.cnf中的所有路径都修改正确了,但是mysql服务在启动时,是通过读取log-bin-index来查找log-bin日志文件的,查找的文件还是在机器A上指定的位置,所以mysql服务启动失败。

 

【解决方法】

手动修改log-bin-index指定的二进制日志索引文件,修改里面所有log-bin的路径,指定到当前datadir下的二进制日志,然后尝试启动mysql服务,启动成功,问题解决。

        

【问题思考】

         Whatis log-bin-index paramter ?

        

Mysql官方手册中说明“如果没有在my.cnf中配置log-bin-index参数指定,mysql会自动创建一个以host_name-bin.index命名的二进制索引文件(实验证明是mysql-bin.index)”。

 

所以,尝试去掉my.cnf中配置的log-bin-index参数,然后启动mysql服务,此时mysql服务正常启动,查看log-bin-index文件:

         #cat mysql-bin.index

         /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000006

我们发现mysql自动创建了名为“mysql-bin.index”的二进制索引文件,并且文件中只包含在启动时重新生成的二进制文件路径信息。

 

此时,mysql只知道此次启动时生成的二进制文件路径信息,那么也就意味着此时mysql丢失了编号000006之前的所有日志文件,我们进行如下的测试:

         执行flush logs命令,让mysql再刷出来几个二进制日志;

                   #cat mysql-bin.index

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000006

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000007

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000008

         然后,执行purgebinary logs to 'mysql-bin.000004' 命令:

                   >purge binary logs to 'mysql-bin.000004';

                   ERROR1373 (HY000): Target log not found in binlog index

         此时,mysql提示无法找到000004号二进制日志文件,接下来尝试删除000006号二进制日志文件:

                  > purge binary logs to'mysql-bin.000007';

                   QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

         查看mysql-bin.index二进制日志索引文件:

                   #cat mysql-bin.index    

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000007

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000008

         查看二进制日志文件:

                   #ls -ltr mysql-bin.00000*

                    mysql-bin.000004

                    mysql-bin.000001

                    mysql-bin.000002

                    mysql-bin.000003

                    mysql-bin.000005

                    mysql-bin.000007

                  mysql-bin.000008

         mysql已经彻底删除了编号000006的二进制日志文件。

         接下来,我们尝试欺骗mysql,配置一个指向虚机路径的二进制日志文件:

                   #cat mysql-bin.index

                   /tmp/mysql-bin.0000005

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000007

                   /home/mysql_3306_bak/mysql-bin.000008

         在mysql中尝试删除编号000007之前的日志:

                   >purge binary logs to 'mysql-bin.000007';

ERROR 29 (HY000): File '/tmp/mysql-bin.0000005' not found (Errcode:2 - No such file or directory)

         mysql在读取log-bin-index日志索引文件删除日志的时候发现日志文件不存在,报错;

         我们在尝试重启mysql,来判断它是如何读取和加载log-bin-index日志索引文件 以及索引文件中指定的二进制日志文件的:

                  # service mysql stop              

                  Shutting down MySQL (PerconaServer)...                    [  OK  ]

                  # service mysql start

                  Starting MySQL (PerconaServer)....                        [ OK  ]

                  查看error.log日志:

                  2014-04-2600:53:28 7f752cddc700 InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 140426  0:53:28

                  ^G/usr/sbin/mysqld:File '/tmp/mysql-bin.0000005' not found (Errcode: 2 - No such file or          directory)

                  2014-04-2600:53:28 16723 [ERROR] Failed to open log (file '/tmp/mysql-bin.0000005', errno2)

                  2014-04-2600:53:28 16723 [ERROR] Could not open log file

         【总结】

         虽然mysql的error日志中有error信息,但是mysql仍然成功启动了,也就是说mysql在启动过程会读取log-bin-index文件,然后也会判断索引指定的log-bin文件是否存在,结合本案例中遇到的情况,可以知道只有当最后一个路径指定的log-bin不存在时,mysql服务才会中断启动操作,即启动失败。

        

         【Sum Up】

1)   如果mysql没有开启binlog,则不会遇到这个问题;

2)   如果mysql开启了binlog,并且在Datadir物理迁移的过程中,修改了datadir的路径,就会遇到这个问题,此时,可以编辑log-bin-index文件修复log-bin文件的路径或者直接删除,然后启动mysql服务;

3)   为了避免遇到这个问题,在进行datadir迁移的时候,尽量不要改变datadir的路径;

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