Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle中用一条Sql实现任意的行转列拼接 多行拼接

Oracle中用一条Sql实现任意的行转列拼接 多行拼接

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:19 PM
oracle sql accomplish Splicing

表结构和数据如下(表名Test): NO VALUE NAME 1 a 测试1 1 b 测试2 1 c 测试3 1 d 测试4 2 e 测试5 4 f 测试6 4 g 测试7 Sql语句: select No, ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(Value, ';')), ';') as Value, ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(Name, ';')), '

表结构和数据如下(表名Test):

NO VALUE  NAME
1       a       测试1
1       b       测试2
1       c       测试3
1       d       测试4
2       e       测试5
4       f        测试6
4       g       测试7

Sql语句:
select No,
       ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(Value, ';')), ';') as Value,
       ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(Name, ';')), ';') as Name
  from (select No,
               Value,
               Name,
               rnFirst,
               lead(rnFirst) over(partition by No order by rnFirst) rnNext
          from (select a.No,
                       a.Value,
                       a.Name,
                       row_number() over(order by a.No, a.Value desc) rnFirst
                  from Test a) tmpTable1) tmpTable2
start with rnNext is null
connect by rnNext = prior rnFirst
group by No;

检索结果如下:

NO VALUE    NAME
1    a;b;c;d   测试1;测试2;测试3;测试4
2    e            测试5
4    f;g          测试6;测试7

简单解释一下那个Sql吧:
1、最内层的Sql(即表tmpTable1),按No和Value排序,并列出行号:
select a.No,
       a.Value,
       a.Name,
       row_number() over(order by a.No, a.Value desc) rnFirst
  from Test a
该语句结果如下:
NO VALUE NAME RNFIRST
1     d       测试4     1
1     c       测试3     2
1     b       测试2     3
1     a       测试1     4
2     e       测试5     5
4     g       测试7     6
4     f       测试6     7


2、外层的Sql(即表tmpTable2),根据No分区,取出当前行对应的下一条记录的行号字段:
select No,
       Value,
       Name,
       rnFirst,
       lead(rnFirst) over(partition by No order by rnFirst) rnNext
  from (这里是tmpTable1的SQL) tmpTable1

lead(rnFirst):取得下一行记录的rnFirst字段
over(partition by No order by rnFirst) 按rnFirst排序,并按No分区,分区就是如果下一行的No字段与当前行的No字段不相等时,不取下一行记录显示
该语句结果如下:
NO VALUE NAME RNFIRST RNNEXT
1     d        测试4     1         2
1     c        测试3      2         3
1     b        测试2     3         4
1     a        测试1     4         NULL
2     e        测试5     5         NULL
4     g        测试7     6         7
4     f         测试6     7         NULL


3、最后就是最外层的sys_connect_by_path函数与start递归了
sys_connect_by_path(Value, ';')
start with rnNext is null
connect by rnNext = prior rnFirst
这个大概意思就是从rnNext为null的那条记录开始,递归查找,
如果前一记录的rnFirst字段等于当前记录的rnNext字段,就把2条记录的Value用分号连接起来,
大家可以先试试下面这个没有Max和Group的Sql:
select No,
       sys_connect_by_path(Value, ';') as Value,
       sys_connect_by_path(Name, ';') as Name
  from (select No,
               Value,
               Name,
               rnFirst,
               lead(rnFirst) over(partition by No order by rnFirst) rnNext
          from (select a.No,
                       a.Value,
                       a.Name,
                       row_number() over(order by a.No, a.Value desc) rnFirst
                  from Test a) tmpTable1) tmpTable2
start with rnNext is null
connect by rnNext = prior rnFirst

结果是:
NO VALUE       NAME
1     ;a            ;测试1
1     ;a;b         ;测试1;测试2
1     ;a;b;c     ;测试1;测试2;测试3
1     ;a;b;c;d  ;测试1;测试2;测试3;测试4
2     ;e            ;测试5
4     ;f             ;测试6
4     ;f;g          ;测试6;测试7

可以看到,每个No的最后一条记录就是我们要的了
所以在sys_connect_by_path外面套一个Max,再加个Group by No,得到的结果就是行转列的结果了
最后再加一个Ltrim,去掉最前面的那个分号,完成。

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