MySQL模糊查询语法
欢迎进入Linux社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 MySQL提供标准的SQL模式匹配,以及一种基于象Unix实用程序如vi、grep和sed的扩展正则表达式 模式匹配的格式。 SQL的模式匹配允许你使用"_"匹配任何单个字符,而"%"匹配任意数目字符(包括零个字符)
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MySQL提供标准的SQL模式匹配,以及一种基于象Unix实用程序如vi、grep和sed的扩展正则表达式
模式匹配的格式。
SQL的模式匹配允许你使用"_"匹配任何单个字符,而"%"匹配任意数目字符(包括零个字符)。
在 MySQL中,SQL的模式缺省是忽略大小写的。下面显示一些例子。注意在你使用SQL模式时,你不
能使用=或!=;而使用LIKE或NOT LIKE比较操作符。
为了找出以"b"开头的名字:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "b%";
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
为了找出以"fy"结尾的名字:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%fy";
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
为了找出包含一个"w"的名字:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "%w%";
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
为了找出包含正好5个字符的名字,使用"_"模式字符:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name LIKE "_____";
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
由MySQL提供的模式匹配的其他类型是使用扩展正则表达式。当你对这类模式进行匹配测试时,使用
REGEXP和NOT REGEXP操作符(或RLIKE和NOT RLIKE,它们是同义词)。
扩展正则表达式的一些字符是:
"."匹配任何单个的字符。
一个字符类"[…]"匹配在方括号内的任何字符。例如,"[abc]"匹配"a"、"b"或"c".
为了命名字符的一个范围,使用一个"-"."[a-z]"匹配任何小写字母,而"[0-9]"匹配任
何数字。
" * "匹配零个或多个在它前面的东西。例如,"x*"匹配任何数量的"x"字符,"[0-9]*"
匹配的任何数量的数字,而".*"匹配任何数量的任何东西。
正则表达式是区分大小写的,但是如果你希望,你能使用一个字符类匹配两种写法。例如,
"[aA]"匹配小写或大写的"a"而"[a-zA-Z]"匹配两种写法的任何字母。
如果它出现在被测试值的任何地方,模式就匹配(只要他们匹配整个值,SQL模式匹配)。
为了定位一个模式以便它必须匹配被测试值的开始或结尾,在模式开始处使用"^"或在模式的
结尾用"$".
为了说明扩展正则表达式如何工作,上面所示的LIKE查询在下面使用REGEXP重写:
为了找出以"b"开头的名字,使用"^"匹配名字的开始并且"[bB]"匹配小写或大写的"b":
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "^[bB]";
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
[1] [2]

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