[SQL]常用的MySQL基本语句(整理中)
一、数据库的基本操作 数据库是用来存储表的地方,在数据库开始创建的时候,要先创建好DATABASE然后才能在里面继续进行数据表的操作。 1.创建DATABASE CREATE DATABASE 用于创建数据库,基本语法如下: CREATE DATABASE database_name 下面来举个例子: 我们
一、数据库的基本操作
数据库是用来存储表的地方,在数据库开始创建的时候,要先创建好DATABASE然后才能在里面继续进行数据表的操作。
1.创建DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE 用于创建数据库,基本语法如下:
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我们希望创建一个名为 "test_db" 的数据库。
我们使用下面的 CREATE DATABASE 语句:
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可以通过 CREATE TABLE 来添加数据库表。
2.查看DATABASE
创建之后我们可以用以下语法来查看我们的MySQL中有那些数据库(注意最后有一个s)
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这时可以看到除了我们创建的test_django数据库之外还有三个MySQL自带的数据库:
第一个数据库information_schema:提供了访问数据库元数据的方式。
第二个数据库mysql:这个是mysql的核心数据库,主要负责存储数据库的用户、权限设置、关键字等mysql自己需要使用的控制和管理信息。不可以删除,如果对mysql不是很了解,建议不要修改这个数据库里面的表信息。
第三个数据库是test:这个是安装时候创建的一个测试数据库,和它的名字一样,是一个完全的空数据库,没有任何表,可以删除。
3.删除DATABASE
删除数据库,使用的是DROP语法:
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4.使用DATABASE
在创建完成了一个数据库之后,接下来的任务就是使用这个数据库,在这个数据库中我们可以进行相关的数据表的操作。使用USE语句进入你创建好的数据库:
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二、表的基本操作
表示用来存储数据的地方,下面就可以在前面创建好的数据库里面进行相关的表的操作了。
1.创建TABLE
和创建一个数据库相类似的,我们使用[CREATE TABLE xxxx] 语句来创建一个表,在后面的小括号中声明表中的具体每列的内容。
以一个Persons表为例(注意,一定要先输入USE语句进入一个DATABASE进行操作):
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这样创建好的表格如下:
Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
2.展示TABLE
使用DESCRIBE语句可以展示一个表的结构,以前面创建的表Persons为例:
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3.删除TABLE
删除和前面的数据库的删除基本相似,使用[DROP TABLE XXX]语法删除表:
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ALTER TABLE 语句用于在已有的表中添加、修改或删除列。前面在创建表的时候可以设定好里面的列名,我们可以使用ALTER来修改这个已经创建好的表。
如需在表中添加列,可以使用下列语法(其中column_name和datatype分别为列名和列的类型):
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要删除表中的列,请使用下列语法(其中column_name为列名):
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要改变表中列的数据类型,请使用下列语法(其中column_name和datatype分别为列名和列的类型):
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