shell 重定向&>file 2>&1 1>
1.三个标准 操作系统约定,stdin stdout stderr分别对应0 ,1,2. 在shell脚本中,经常会涉及输出重定向的问题: 比如./myscript outpufile,其中 file 等价于 1 file,就是吧输出重定向到文件中。 对应的,21 是吧标准错误重定向到标准输出 而file是把标准输
1.三个标准
操作系统约定,stdin stdout stderr分别对应0 ,1,2.
在shell脚本中,经常会涉及输出重定向的问题:
比如./myscript > outpufile,其中> file 等价于 1> file,就是吧输出重定向到文件中。
对应的,2>&1 是吧标准错误重定向到标准输出
而&>file是把标准输出和标准错误重定向到file
2.常用例子
n>&m表示使文件描述符n成为输出文件描述符m的副本。这样做的好处是,有的时候你查找文件的时候很容易产生无用的信息,如:2> /dev/null的作用就是不显示标准错误输出;另外当你运行某些命令的时候,出错信息也许很重要,便于你检查是哪出了毛病,如:2>&1
例如:
注意,为了方便理解,必须设置一个环境使得执行grep da *命令会有正常输出和错误输出,然后分别使用下面的命令生成三个文件:
grep da * > greplog1
grep da * > greplog2 1>&2
grep da * > greplog3 2>&1 //grep da * 2> greplog4 1>&2 结果一样
#查看greplog1会发现里面只有正常输出内容
#查看greplog2会发现里面什么都没有
#查看greplog3会发现里面既有正常输出内容又有错误输出内容

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



In C language, the main difference between char and wchar_t is character encoding: char uses ASCII or extends ASCII, wchar_t uses Unicode; char takes up 1-2 bytes, wchar_t takes up 2-4 bytes; char is suitable for English text, wchar_t is suitable for multilingual text; char is widely supported, wchar_t depends on whether the compiler and operating system support Unicode; char is limited in character range, wchar_t has a larger character range, and special functions are used for arithmetic operations.

Multithreading in the language can greatly improve program efficiency. There are four main ways to implement multithreading in C language: Create independent processes: Create multiple independently running processes, each process has its own memory space. Pseudo-multithreading: Create multiple execution streams in a process that share the same memory space and execute alternately. Multi-threaded library: Use multi-threaded libraries such as pthreads to create and manage threads, providing rich thread operation functions. Coroutine: A lightweight multi-threaded implementation that divides tasks into small subtasks and executes them in turn.

Multithreading is an important technology in computer programming and is used to improve program execution efficiency. In the C language, there are many ways to implement multithreading, including thread libraries, POSIX threads, and Windows API.

Copying and pasting the code is not impossible, but it should be treated with caution. Dependencies such as environment, libraries, versions, etc. in the code may not match the current project, resulting in errors or unpredictable results. Be sure to ensure the context is consistent, including file paths, dependent libraries, and Python versions. Additionally, when copying and pasting the code for a specific library, you may need to install the library and its dependencies. Common errors include path errors, version conflicts, and inconsistent code styles. Performance optimization needs to be redesigned or refactored according to the original purpose and constraints of the code. It is crucial to understand and debug copied code, and do not copy and paste blindly.

The impact of Rust language proficiency on desktop program development under the Tauri framework Tauri is a desktop application development framework built using Rust, thanks to its lightweight and...

Asynchronous and multithreading are completely different concepts in C#. Asynchronously pay attention to task execution order, and multithreads pay attention to task execution in parallel. Asynchronous operations avoid blocking the current thread by coordinating task execution, while multithreads execute tasks in parallel by creating new threads. Asynchronous is more suitable for I/O-intensive tasks, while multithreading is more suitable for CPU-intensive tasks. In practical applications, asynchronous and multithreading are often used to optimize program performance. Pay attention to avoid deadlocks, excessive use of asynchronous, and rational use of thread pools.

C language conditional compilation is a mechanism for selectively compiling code blocks based on compile-time conditions. The introductory methods include: using #if and #else directives to select code blocks based on conditions. Commonly used conditional expressions include STDC, _WIN32 and linux. Practical case: Print different messages according to the operating system. Use different data types according to the number of digits of the system. Different header files are supported according to the compiler. Conditional compilation enhances the portability and flexibility of the code, making it adaptable to compiler, operating system, and CPU architecture changes.

H5. The main difference between mini programs and APP is: technical architecture: H5 is based on web technology, and mini programs and APP are independent applications. Experience and functions: H5 is light and easy to use, with limited functions; mini programs are lightweight and have good interactiveness; APPs are powerful and have smooth experience. Compatibility: H5 is cross-platform compatible, applets and APPs are restricted by the platform. Development cost: H5 has low development cost, medium mini programs, and highest APP. Applicable scenarios: H5 is suitable for information display, applets are suitable for lightweight applications, and APPs are suitable for complex functions.
